ous globules, serrate, the teeth mucronulate; heads in a large compound
corymb, 5-9- (rarely 3-12-) flowered; achenia glabrous and "more or less
glandular.—L in n .! spec. (ed. 1 ) 2. p. 838; Hook..1 fl. Bor.-Am. 1 . p.
304 ; Darlingt.fi. Cest. p . 453. E. trifoliatum, Linn.! 1. c. E. purpu-
reum, maculatum, verticillatum, ternifolium, & dubium, DC. ! prodr. 5.
p. 151. f
a. stem tall, somewhat glabrous and glaucous, purple at the nodes (and
sometimes throughout) ; leaves (5—6 in a whorl) large, oblong-ovate, coarsely
serrate, somewhat petioled, often rugosely veiny ; corymb very large, convex.
—E. purpureum, Linn. ! 1. c. (excl. /3.) £ ed. 2. p. 1173 ; Willd. ! spec. 3.
p . 1759 (partly); Ell. 1. c .l fyc.; DC.! 1. c. E. verticillatum, W illd .!
1. c. (herb. fol. 1 , & 2 !) E. trifoliatum, Darlingt.! 1. c.
p. maculatum (Darlingt.! 1. c .): stem mostly striate or grooved, pubescent
and often glandular or viscid above, punctate with purple linear spots;
leaves (mostly ternate or quaternate) ovate, slightly tripli-nerved, petioled ;
corymb dense, depressed.—E. purpureum, /3. Linn.'! 1. c. ed. 1. E. maculatum,
Linn. ! amcen. 4. p. 288, Sf spec. ed. 2. p. 1174 ; Willd. ! V. c .;
Michx. ! ft. 2. p. 99 ; Bart. fl. Amer. Sept. t. 102 ; Ell. 1. c. ; DC. ! 1. c.
E . punctatum, W illd .! enum. 2. p. 853 ; Pursk, fl. 2. p. 515. E. amre-
num, Pursh! 1. c.—Varies, with the leaves strongly rugose and scabrous-
pubescent both sides, or nearly smooth and glabrous ; either acute or acuminate
at each end (E. maculatum, Ell. 1. c .); or obtuse at the base, and
pubescent and glandular beneath, as also the scales of the involucre (E.
ternifolium, Ell. 1. c .; DC. 1. c.); or with the leaves scarcely acuminate,
the involucre glabrous and about 3-flowered (E. dubium, Pair., DC.)-, or
occasionally with the lower leaves ternate, the upper opposite, the uppermost
sometimes even alternate (E. amcenum, Pursh, l. c .); and by other forms
with a slightly punctate stem, elongated (mostly ternate) ovate-lanceolate
leaves, acuminate at both ends and coarsely serrate, (E. trifoliatum, Linn.,
Darlingt. 1. c.) approaching the original E. purpureum, so as to be undis-
tinguishable from its more slender states.
y. angustifolium : stem tall, glabrous and somewhat glaucous, or pubescent
at the summit, sparingly punctate with linear spots; leaves (commonly
5 or 6 in a whorl), petioled, evenly and rather finely serrate ; the lower ones
oblong-lanceolate ; the upper linear-lanceolate ; corymb compound, panieu-
late-thyrsoid, loose.—E. lsevigatum, Torr.! cat. pi. New York.—Varies (in
shady places,) with the heads and flowers nearly white, the leaves membranaceous
and more deeply serrate, & c.; when it is E. falcatum, Michx. ! fl.
2. p . 99.
Low grounds, thickets, and swamps, Canada! from the Saskatchawan,
and throughout the United States ! Aug.-Sept.—Stem 3-7 or even 10 feet
high. Involucre purplish or whitish ; the scales 12-18, obtuse; the exterior
very short, closely imbricated, pubescent; the others linear-oblong and
linear, searious, 2-3-nerved, shorter than the flowers. Corolla infundibuli-
form-tubular ; the lobes ovate-lanceolate, short, light purple or flesh-color.
Style with a small globose pubescent bulb at the base ; the branches very
much exserted.—This plant is sometimes employed medicinally, as a tonic.
§ 3. Heads 3-many-flowered: scales of the somewhat cylindrical or cam-
panulate involucre 8-15, more or less imbricated; the exterior shortest: leaves
opposite, sometimes verticillate or alternate. (Stem herbaceous, flowers while,
and the corolla, achenia, Syc. more or less dotted with resinous globules in all
the North American species.)
* Paniculate: heads Z-6-flowered: leaves alternate, pinnately lobed.
3. E- foeniculaceum (Willd.): paniculately very much branched ; stem
puberulent; leaves alternate, linear-filiform, glabrous; the lower pinnately
or bipinnately parted; the upper fascicled, entire; heads very numerous,
small, 3-5-flowered, on short pedicels; scales of the involucre 8-10; the
exterior very short; the inner mucronulate-acuminate, glabrous, slightly
margined; achenia glabrous.— Willd.! spec. 3. p. 1750; Pursh! fl. 2. p.
512; Ell. sk. 2. p. 294 ; D C .! prodr. 5. p. 176. E. foeniculoides, Walt.
Car. p . 199. Chrysocoma capillacea, Michx. ! fl. 2. p. 101.
[3. glabrum: stem and branches glabrous ; the racemose-spicate divisions
of the panicle somewhat fastigiate.—E. leptophyllum, DC. ! 1. c.
y. lateriflorum: slightly pubescent; branchlets of the panicle loose, with
rather few and scattered heads, borne towards the base of leafy branches.—
E. foeniculaceum /?. traganthes, DC.! 1. c. (at least partly.)
Fields, in damp soil, mostly near the coast, Virginia! and N. Carolina! to
Florida ! fl. Georgia, Mr. Herbemont! (in herb. Duby Sc DC.) &c. Florida,
Dr. Leavenworth ! y. Middle Florida, Dr. Chapman! Sept.-Oct.—Stem
3-10 feet high; the branches terminated by the elongated compound panicles.
Flowers yellowish-white, (sometimes sprinkled with purple, Ell.), very
small. Corolla tubular-infundibuliform; the teeth very short, minutely glandular
externally. Anthers as long as the corolla: the stamens not very short,
as described by Elliott. Branches of the style much elongated and exserted,
minutely papillose. Achenia angled as in E. coronopifolium (not cylindrical).—
The E. foeniculaceum 13. of De Candolle seems a cultivated state of
our var. y., which is a somewhat remarkable form; the heads however being
only 5-flowered.—Dog-Fennel.
4. E. coronopifolium (Willd.): paniculately branched; stem pubescent;
leaves mostly alternate, pubescent or nearly glabrous, punctate; the lower
ones pinnately 3-7-lobed, the lobes linear; the others linear, mostly entire,
fascicled or crowded; heads numerous, scarcely pedicelled, 5-flowered;
scales of the involucre about 10, lanceolate, mucronulate, slightly pubescent,
with searious margins; the exterior short and imbricated; achenia glabrous.—
Willd. ! spec. 3. p. 1750 ; Pursh, l. c. ; Ell. sk. 2. p. 294 ; D C .! prodr.
5. p. 176. E. compositifolium, Walt. Car. p. 199. Chrysocoma coronopi-
folia, Michx. ! fl. 2. p. 102.
Dry barren soil, N. Carolina to Florida! Alabama ! and Texas! Sept.-
Oct.—Stem 3-4 feet high; the branches of the panicle rather short and dense.
Flowers about twice the size of those of E. foeniculaceum, white; the
corolla, achenia, pappus, &c. similar. Style with a minute bulb at the
base.
* * Corymbose: heads 5-15- (rarely more than 20-) flowered.
t Leaves sessile or nearly so, not clasping or connate: heads 5- (rarely 7-9-) flowered.
5. E . pinnatifidum (Ell.) : pubescent; stem fastigiately corymbose at the
summit; leaves laciniate-pinnatifid, with the segments linear and entire or
toothed, pubescent beneath, sprinkled with shining resinous dots; the lower
ones quaternately verticillate, the others opposite or mostly alternate ; heads
small, very numerous, 5-9-flowered ; scales of the involucre 8-10, linear-
oblong or lanceolate, mucronulate, pubescent and sprinkled with resinous
dots ; achenia sparsely glandular.—Ell. sk. 2. p. 295 ; DC. prodr. 5. p. 176,
but not of p. 149.
Damp soil in the middle districts of Carolina, Elliott. Middle Florida,
Dr. Chapman ! Sandy woods of N. Carolina, Mr. Curtis!—Stem 3-4 feet
high. Leaves lanceolate, 1-3 inches long, deeply and unequally laciniate-
pinnatifid, nearly glabrous above, minutely pubescent and more conspicuously
dotted with shining globules beneath; the lower segments elongated
and usually toothed or laciniate. Branches of the fastigiate corymb loose ;