most about half that length. Rays short, erect-spreading, purple ; the disk
turning purple. Achenia linear-cuneiform, glabrous.—Placed by Nees at
the commencement of his Concinni: Dr. Lindley compares with it his A.
azureus, and A. turbinellus. We have seen no specimens.
102. A. retroflexus (Lindl.): stem compound-racemose; the branches
short and bearing single heads; leaves linear-lanceolate, entire, very glabrous
; those of the branches linear-subulate, recurved, distant; scales of the
hemispherical involucre linear-lanceolate, squarrose. Lin d l.! in DC. prodr.
5. p. 244.
North America.—Disk whitish, scarcely changing. Rays blue. DC.—
We are uncertain whether this is described from cultivated or indigenous
specimens. No farther particulars are given. It is placed between A.
azureus and A. turbinellus.
A. serotiims, Mill. diet. ed. Martyn, (1797,) founded on the A. foliis oblongis acu-
tis basi latioribus semi-amplexicaulibus, caule ramoso, floribus terminalibus plerum-
que solitariis (Late blue shrubby Starwort of John Tradescant, commonly called
Michaelmas Daisy), of the earlier editions, is anterior to the A. serotinus of Willde-
now, but is not cited by that author or by succeeding writers. It is said to have
been brought from Virginia, and to bear “ pretty large flowers, which are of a very
pale bluish color, tending to white.”
§ 4. Scales of the involucre nearly equal, loose, narrow, scarcely or slightly
imbricated, more or less herbaceous : receptacle naked, scrobiculate: appendages
of the style triangular, short: pappus of capillary bristles: rays
numerous : stems often low and simple, bearing solitary or few large heads.
—Or itro fh ium, Kunth, excl. spec. ? (Ast. Alpigeni, Nees, DC.)
103. A . alpinus (Linn.): pubescent or hairy; stem bearing a single head;
leaves entire, 3-nerved or tripli-nerved, obtuse; the radical ones spatulate,
the cauline lanceolate ; scales of the involucre loose, about the length of the
disk, oblong-linear, obtuse or obtusish, ciliate and pubescent.—L in n . spec. 2.
p . 872; Jacq. fl. Austr. t. 88; Bot. mag. t. 199 ; Nees, Ast. p. 26; Hook.!
Jl. Bor.-Am. 2. p. 6 ; D C .! prodr. 5. p. 227.
On the higher Rocky Mountains, in lat. 54°, Drummond !—Heads, with
the blue rays, 1J-2 inches in diameter, showy. Radical leaves petioled.—
The American plant resembles Siberian forms.
104. A. pygmeeus (Lindl.): villous; stem bearing a single head; leaves
at length nearly glabrous, obtuse, entire, 1-nerved or obscurely 3-nerved;
the radical ones spatulate-oblong or oblanceolate; the cauline lanceolate;
scales of the very villous involucre linear, obtuse, squarrose-spreading.—
Lindl. ! in Hook. jl. Bor.-Am. 2. p. 6, if in DC. prodr. 5. p. 228.
Arctic sea-coast, Richardson!—Plant about 2 inches high. Head large
for the size of the plant; the rays scarcely twice the length of the involucre.
—Smaller specimens of A. intermedius, 'l'urcz.! (A. Argunensis, fide DC.)
scarcely differ from this species, except in their longer rays and more hirsute
pubescence.
105. A. Andinus (Nutt.) : rhizoma slender and creeping; stems several,
decumbent, above pubescent, mostly bearing a single head; leaves glabrous,
entire; the radical spatulate or somewhat lanceolate; the cauline nearly
linear, acute, usually wider at the base and clasping; scales of the involucre
linear, nearly glabrous, ciliate, mostly acute; rays numerous, rather long;
achenia nearly glabrous.—Nutt.! in trans. Amer. phil. soc. (n. ser.) 7. p. 290.
Rocky Mountains at Thornberg’s Ridge, near the line of perpetual snow
in lat. 42°, about 10,000 feet above the level of the sea, Nuttall /—Root wiry
and slender, sending up small clusters of decumbent stems, 3—4 inches high.
Leaves scarcely an inch long, rather coriaceous. Head about half as large
as in A. alpinus.
106. A . glacialis (Nutt.): rhizoma thickish, not creeping; stem low, erect,
minutely pubescent above, often nearly leafless, bearing a single head; leaves
spatulate-oblong and lanceolate, entire, glabrous, obscurely 3-nerved; the
cauline small, acute, partly clasping; scales of the involucre numerous,
linear-subulate, glandular-puberulent, appressed, about the length of the disk.
—Nutt.! 1. c. p. 291.
Rocky Mountains, with the preceding. Nuttall!—Stems about 3 inches
high, bearing 2-3 small leaves, and a head about the size of the preceding,
but with broader and shorter rays: Radical leaves 1-2 inches long, thickish,
with somewhat scabrous margins. Pappus strongly scabrous. Involucre
much like that of A. salsuginosus, brownish, somewhat viscid.
107. A . salsuginosus (Richards.): stem simple, leafy, bearing 1 to 3
heads, pubescent above with appressed hairs ; leaves linear-obovate and lanceolate,
apiculate-acuminate, mostly entire, veiny, somewhat pubescent; the
radical and lower cauline tapering into a margined petiole, the upper sessile
and partly clasping; scales of the involucre narrowly linear or linear-subulate,
pubescent, nearly equal, lax, with mostly squarrose-spreading or recurved
tips ; achenia somewhat hairy.—Richards, in appx. Frankl. joum.
p . 749, if ed. 2. p. 32 ; Spreng. syst. 3. p. 527; Nees, Ast. p. 29; Hook, if
Am . bot. Beechey, p. 126; DC. prodr. 5. p. 229. A. salsuginosus, /3.
Hook.! jl. Bor.-Am. 2. p. 6. A. Unalaschkensis, Less, in Linneea, 6. p.
124 ; Nees, Ast. p. 34 ; Bongard ! iteg. Sitcha, l. c. p. 148; DC. ! prodr.
5. p . 228.
/?. stem stouter and larger, often bearing 3-5 heads; lower and radical
leaves broadly spatulate or obovate; the upper oblong-ovate or ovate-lanceolate
; scales of the involucre somewhat glandular.—A. salsuginosus (a.)
Hook.! bot. mag. t. 2942, if jl. Bor.-Am. 2. p. 6 ; Hook, if A m . bot.
Beechey, suppl. p. 350.
Subarctic America, from the salt plains of the Athabasca, Richardson!
and the Rocky Mountains, Drummond! to Kotzebue’s Sound ! the N. W.
Coast! Unalaschka! Sitcha, and the interior of California (Oregon?),
Douglas!—Plant 6 to 18 inches high, with a thickish rhizoma, and large
heads (the peduncles thickened at the summit); the rays 30 or more, 6 to 8,
or even 10 lines long, purple ? Radical and lower leaves 3-5 inches long,
including the margined petiole, varying from 3 lines to an inch in width,
nearly glabrous when old. Pappus densely scabrous.—In all the specimens
we have examined, the scales of the involucre are in fact nearly the length
of the disk, although their recurved summits cause them to appear much
shorter. In the A. Unalaschkensis, the involucre is more pubescent or hairy,
and scarcely glandular or viscid, and less recurved. The specimens from
the NorthWest Coast, collected by Mr. Menzies, are intermediate in this
respect.
108. A. peregrinus (Pursh): stem somewhat simple, erect, glabrous, hir
sute above, bearing 1-3 heads at the summit; leaves sessile, remote,
oblong-lanceolate, gradually acute, glabrous; scales of the involucre lanceolate
linear, very acute, villous, loose, as long as the disk ; rays numerous
(heads large, violet). Pursh, jl. 2. p. 556 ; DC. prodr. 5. p. 228. “ A.
Tilesii, Wikstr. in act. Holm. 1822. p. 13,” fide Nees if DC.
North West Coast; Unalaschka, D. Nelson, Pursh. (Norfolk Sound,
Eschscholtz !)—We copy the character from Pursh, since Chamisso’s plant
from Unalaschka. which Lessing has described under this name, De Candolle
inclines to refet to A. foliaceus, L in d l.; the description of Nees is drawn
from Chamisso’s plant; while that of Bongard from Sitcha is supposed to be