Bigel. Jl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 302. Aster annuus, Linn. ! hort. Cliff, p. 409, Sc
spec. 2. p. 876 ; Willd. enum. 2. p. 884. Beilis ramosa, &c. Cornut. Canad.
t. 194. Pulicaria annua, Geertn. Jr. 2. p. 462. Diplopappus dubius, Cass.
%n bull, philom. 1817 Sf 1818. Stenactis dubia, Cass. in diet. sci. nat. 37. p.
485. S. annua, Nees, Ast. p. 273. S. annua & S. strigosa (excl. syn.), D C .!
prbdr. 5. p. 299. Phalacroloma acutifolium, Cass, in diet. 1. c. 39. p. 405.
Fields and waste places, Canada! and throughout the Northern States !
to Kentucky ! a common weed; now naturalized throughout Europe. May
or June-Aug.—(© or © ? Stem stout, 2-4 feet high, striate or angled.
Radical and lower leaves large. Heads as large or larger than E. strigosum,
but less showy ; the ray (white or tinged with purple) being shorter.—Flea-
bane, Daisy.—Nuttall says the ray has no pappus; and Nees, that it is very
deciduous. We find the exterior squamellate-coroniform pappus, but no
trace of an interior: both the pappus and the achenia entirely correspond
with the following species ; and, indeed, specimens almost intermediate between
the two may sometimes be observed.
28. E . strigosum, (Muhl.): more or less strigose with a minute appressed
pubescence ; stem slender, paniculate-corymbose at the summit; leaves all
entire or slightly serrate; the radical and lower cauline oval or spatulate,
3-nerved, tapering into a slender petiole ; the upper ones scattered, lanceolate,
oblanceolate, or linear, acute or obtuse; rays narrowly linear, about
twice the length of the minutely hispid or pubescent involucre.—Muhl. ! in
Willd. spec. 3. p. 1956 ; E ll. sJc. 2. p. 394 ; Hoolc. ! jl. Bor.-Am. 2. p. 18 ;
Darlingt. Jl. Cest. p . 471. E. ambiguum, Nu tt.! gen. 2. p. 147. E. lon-
gifblium, Hort. Par., ex Cass., not of Lam. E. nervosum, Pursh, l. c,, not
of Willd. E. spathulatum, H. H. Eaton, in trans. med. soc. New York,
1822. E. Philadelphicum, Bart. veg. mat. med. t. 20. Doronicum ramo-
sum, Walt. Car. p . 205. Phalacroloma obtusifolium, Cass, in diet. 1. c .;
DC. prodr. 5. p . 298, excl. all the syn. Stenactis ambigua, DC.! prodr.
5. p . 299. -
P- stem and leaves nearly glabrous; the latter almost constantly entire,
except the lowest.—E. integrifolium, Bigel. Jl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 302.
y. slender; heads rather smaller; rays rose-color, turning nearly white.
—E. Beyrichii, Hort. Berol.! Stenactis Beyrichii, Fisch. Sp Meyer, 5th
ind. sem. St. Petersb. Phalacroloma Beyrichii, Fisch. 8f Meyer. 6th ind.
sem. 1. c., Sf in Linruea, 14. suppl. p. 162. (Carolina, Beyrich. v. sp. in
hort. Berol.)
Fields and open places, Canada! and from the Saskatchawan! to Florida!
and Louisiana! and west to Oregon ! June-Aug., or in the Southern States,
April-June.—© or (2) ? Stem 1-3 feet high, usually much smaller and
more slender than the preceding, angled or furrowed. Corymbs loose, at
length rather naked. Rays white; the tube hairy. Achenia slightly hairy.
Inner pappus in the disk, of about 15 slender fragile and deciduous bristles ;
in the ray none, or sometimes of one or two caducous bristles : the exterior
a small setaceous-squamellate crown, similar in the ray and disk.—The
plant infests cultivated fields and meadows, like the preceding, and is also
called Flea-bane and Daisy.
§ 5. Rays in a single series, rather few (about 30), longer than the involucre
: pappus simple : achenia mostly A-nerved: perennial, scapiform.—
E rigeridium.
29. E. vernum: nearly glabrous; radical leaves rosulate, slightly succulent,
spatulate or oval, mostly petioled, obscurely toothed or entire; the
cauline very few and small, or none; heads several (5-12), small, paniculate-
cymose ; rays narrowly spatulate-linear; scales of the involucre lanceolate,
with scarious margins, slightly pubescent.—E. nudicaule, Michx.J Jl. 2. p.
124; Pursh! jl. 2. p. 533; Nutt. ! gen. 2. p. 147; Ell. sk. 2. p. 393.
Aster vernus, Lin n .! spec. 2. p. 876 {pi. Gronov. !); Pers. 1. c. Doronicum
laevifolium, Walt. Car. p. 205? Stenactis verna, Nees, A s t.p . 275 ; DC.!
prodr. 5. p. 299.
Moist pine barrens, &c. Virginia! and N. Carolina! to Florida! and
Louisiana! May-June.—Leaves variable in form, sometimes short and
roundish, often narrowly spatulate, with a more or less elongated tapering
base. Scape 1-2 feet high, slender, a little pubescent or hairy above, often
simple, and with few heads; not unfrequently once or twice dichotomous,
the branches bearing commonly 3 heads. Rays white (sometimes purple,
DC.), rather broad for their length in this genus, spreading, exsertëd the
length of the involucre. Appendages of the style, in the disk-flowers, short,
triangular, often acute. Pappus (double according to Nuttall, Nees and
De Candolle) in all our specimens certainly simple and in a single series ;
the bristles very slender, scabrous, equal, between 20 and 30 in number.
Achenia oblong, 4-nerved, quadrangular or compressed, minutely
hispid.
§ 6. Rays (30-50) in a single series or nearly so, much longer than the involucre
: pappus double; the exterior short, setaceous or squamellate-subulate :
achenia mostly 2 -nerved : receptacle areolate: perennial or suffruticose,
with the habit of Diplopappus or Chrysopsis, but with the style and receptacle
of Erigeron.—P seud erigeron.
30. E . filifolium (Nutt.) : caDescent, stems or branches numerous from a
woody base; leaves filiform, crowded on the sterile branches, scattered on
the fertile; peduncles naked, bearing single (small) heads; scales of the
involucre somewhat unequal, linear-subulate; rays (white) rather few,
about twice the length of the disk; achenia somewhat hairy; exterior pappus
very indistinct.
a. branches elongated, nearly simple; rays about 40.—Diplopappus
filifolius, Hook.! jl. Bor.-Am. 2. p. 21.
p. stems or branches paniculate-corymbose; rays 25-30.—E. filifolium,
Nutt.! in trans. Airier, phil. soc, (n. ser.) 7. p. 308. Chrysopsis canescens,
DC. ! prodr. 5. p , 328.
Oregon, from the Great Falls and barren grounds of the interior, Douglas !
to thé Rocky Mountains, Nuttall!—Stems 8-12 inches high; the sterile
branches and young leaves very canescent. Leaves 2-3 inches long, very
slender. Scales of the involucre rather rigid. Pappus a single series of
white bristles (20 or more), with a few minute set® intermixed, scarcely
distinguishable from the hairs of the compressed 2-nerved achenia.
31. E. Douglasii: stem tall, glabrous, racemosely branched at the
summit; the branches numerous, elongated, mostly simple and bearing
solitary heads, somewhat corymbose or fastigiate; leaves (upper cauline)
linear, rigid, obtuse, scabrous with minute appressed hairs; those of the
branches much smaller; rays (blue or purple) about twice the length of the
disk ; scales of the somewhat imbricated involucre minutely pubescent, the
exterior linear-subulate; the inner larger, lanceolate; achenia somewhat
hairy ; exterior pappus minute and indistinct.—Diplopappus ? occidentalis,
Hook. A m .! bot. Beechey, suppl. p. 350.
California, Douglas!—The original, and only specimen we have seen is
imperfect, wanting the lower part of the stem, which appears to have been 2
feet or more in length: the numerous and mostly simple flexuous flowering
branches are about 6 inches long : the only cauline leaves present about an
inch long, 2 lines or more in breadth, 1-nerved, and slightly veiny. Heads
scarcely larger than in E. Philadelphicum. Scales of the involucre narrow
von. U.-23