the teeth very short and obtuse, glandular-bearded. Branches of the style
slightly dilated and obtuse at the apex. Achenia obovate-turbinate, striate
or ribbed, villous on the ribs. Pappus of 5-8 membranous apiculate or
awned somewhat 1-nerved scales.—Erect branching (North American and
Mexican) herbs; with alternate minutely ppnctate leaves, decurrent on the
striate-angled stem and branches. Heads terminating the branches. Flowers
yellow, or the rays (minutely pubescent beneath) rarely purplish-brown
towards the base, and the corolla of the disk often brownish or purplish at
the summit, sprinkled with bitter resinous globules.
§ 1. Receptacle convex or globose: corolla o f the dislc mostly 5-toothed.—
Helenia, Linn., Gcertn.
1. H. autumnale (Linn.): glabrous or minutely pubescent; leaves lanceolate,
serrate, or the uppermost entire ; acute, strongly decurrent; scales of the
involucre linear-subulate ; rays flat, 3-5-cleft at the apex, longer than the
globose disk ; scales of the pappus ovate or ovate-lanceolate, somewhat lacerate,
acuminate-awned, about one-third or one-fourth the length of the corolla.
—Linn. ! spec. 2. p. 866 ; Michx.! Jl. 2, p. 133 ; Lam. ill. t. 688; SchJcuhr,
handb. t. 250; Pursh, Jl. 2. p. 560 ; Ell. sk. 2. p. 316; Part. fl. Amer.
Sept. t. 26 ; Darlingt. ! jl. Cest. p. 4§7; Hook. bot. mag. t. 2994. &f Jl.
Bor.-Am. 1. p. 317; D C .! prodr. 5. p. 666. H. pubescens, Ait. Kew.
(ed. 1) 3. p, 287.
j3. grandijlorum: scales of the pappus narrower and more awned, one-
third to two-thirds the length of the corolla (rays not tubular).—H. autumnale,
Hook. ! 1. c., partly. H, grandiflorum, Nutt. ! in trans. Amer. phil.
soc. (n. ser.) 7. p. 384. H. montanum, Nutt.! 1. c.
y. tubulijlorum: scales of the pappus lanceolate, acuminate-awned, half
the length of the corolla ; rays tubulose, unequally 5-cleft.—H. tubuliflorum,
DC. ! 1. c.—Probably an accidental state of var. (3.; as some of the rays are
flat and not at all tubular in an authentic specimen.
6. canaliculatum: scales of the pappus ovate, either acutish, acuminate, or
slightly awned, about one-fourth the length of the corolla: rays concave-
canaliculate or 3-sulcate.—H. canaliculatum, Lam. in jour. hist. not. 2. p.
213, t. 35?
In wet or alluvial soil, nearly throughout North America, from Florida
and Georgia! to Hudson’s B ay ! Subarctic America ! and west to Oregon!
Aug.-Oct.— 11 Stem 1-3 feet high, loosely corymbose-paniculate at the
summit. Leaves &c. bitter, as in all the species of the genus, Rays drooping.
Disk one-third to two-thirds of an inch in diameter, greenish-yellow.
Achenia hairy or villous on the angles.—Some of our varieties are possibly
species ; but they accord in every thing but the pappus, which also presents
every intermediate gradation. The var. /3. is the only state we have seen
from Oregon, Saskatchawan, &c.: but a state with a nearly similar pappus is
common in New York ; while other specimens, otherwise undistinguishable,
present a reduced and merely acute pappus.—Sneeze-weed.
2. H. parvijlorum (Nutt.): glabrous; stem much branched, slightly angular
; leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, here and there subserrulate,
scarcely decurrent; scales of the involucre filiform, shorter than the globose
disk; rays flat 3-toothed, narrow; achenia rather smooth; pappus awned,
half the length of the corolla; heads scattered, solitary or in pairs. Nutt.!
in trans. Amer. phil. soc. 1. c.
“ Georgia.—A very distinct and well-marked species, scarcely at all bitter
to the taste. Flowers scattered, not fastigiate, scarcely half the size of those
of H. autumnale, to which this species has an affinity; the leaves are also
generally entire and scarcely decurrent. Rays slightly pubescent externally.”
Nutlall.—We have only seen cultivated specimens: in these the ribs
of the achenium are villous with long scattered hairs.
3. H. tenuifolium (Nutt.): fastigiately much branched, nearly glabrous ;
leaves crowded and usually fascicled, very narrowly linear, entire; scales of
the involucre subulate ; rays rather longer than the globose disk : scales of
the pappus ovate, entire, crowned with abrupt awns, nearly equalling the
corolla.—Nutt.! in jour. acad. Philad. 7. p. 66; Hook.! compan. to bot.
mag. 1. p. 98.
Fields and road-sides, Mississippi! Louisiana ! and Arkansas ! “ A
common and "troublesome weed, imparting a bitter taste to the milk of cows
that feed upon it.” Dr. Hale! April-Nov.—U Plant 8-20 inches high,
very leafy. Disk-3-4 lines in diameter, yellow. Achenia villous.
§ 2. Receptacle oblong or conical: corolla of the disk mostly A-toothed.—
Tetrodus, Cass.
4. H. puberulum (DC.): minutely cinereous-puberulent; leaves oblong-
lanceolate, entire; the upper acute or acuminate ; the lower obtuse, sometimes
incised; heads terminating the simple naked branches; rays and
involucre very short; disk globose ; scales of the pappus ovate, cuspidate-
acuminate, somewhat denticulate or lacerate, rather shorter than the achenia.
—DC. prodr. 5. p. 667. H. pubescens, Hook, if Am. bot. Beechey, p. 149,
Sfsuppl. p. 355 ; not of Ait. H. Californicum, Link, ind. sem. hort. Berol.
1840 ? Cephalophora decurrens, Less, in Linneea, 6. p . 517; DC. 1. c.
p . 663.
California, Chamisso, Douglas! &c.— © ? A larger plant than H. quad-
ridentalum, sprinkled with resinous globules ; the disk nearly half an inch
in diameter. Corolla of the disk brownish-purple at, the tips. Rays yellow,
pubescent. Achenia villous on the ribs ; the pubescence and the pappus
tawny.
5. H. quadridentatum (Labill.) : somewhat glabrous, much branched;
radical and lower leaves oblong-pinnatifid ; the upper coarsely 1-2-toothed
on each side ; the uppermost lanceolate, entire ; involucre and rays shorter
than the ovoid-oblong disk; scales of the very short pappus roundish-oval,
obtuse.—Labill. in act. soc. nat. hist. Par. 1. p. 22, t. 4 ; Lam. ill. t. 688 ;
Bot. reg. t. 598 ; Pursh, jl.. 2. p. 560 ; DC. !prodr. 5. p. 666. Rudbeckia
alata, Jacq. ic. rar. 3. t. 593.
Moist soil and banks of rivers, Louisiana! Mississippi! and Arkansas!
common. June-Aug.— ® Plant 1-3 feet high; the stems and branches
broadly winged. Heads small: the disk yellow. Achenia minutely
pubescent.
6. H. microcephalum (DC.): glabrous [or minutely puberulent]; stem
erect, very much branched, bearing many heads ; leaves lanceolate, entire,
somewhat punctate ; involucre very short; rays 3-toothed (yellow) glabrous;
pappus very short, obtuse. DC. prodr. 5. p. 667.
/3. bicolor: rays purplish-brown towards the base,’ yellow at the apex;
leaves manifestly punctate.—H. elegans, DC. 1. c. ? '
Texas 1 between Lando and Bexar, Berlandier. (Heads subrotund, 3
lines in diameter, DC.) Texas or Arkansas, Mr. Beyrich ! (Dr. Leavenworth.)
p. Texas, Drummond !—Plant 2-4 feet high; the minutely puber-
ulenl branches bearing numerous corymbose heads; the globose disk 3 lines
in diameter. Rays much longer than the subulate scales of the involucre,
about the length of the disk, glabrous or nearly so; the receptacle depressed-
vol. n.—49