rior scales of the involucre somewhat pubescent or ciliate.—The plant which
we have, with some hesitation, considered a variety of this species, has narrower
and less velvety-canescent leaves, more acute, looser racemes, &c.
The species would probably be sought for among the Triplinervia; but we
have retained it in this subdivision on account of its close alliance to the
adjacent species.
* * * * * * Racemes spreading or recurved (scorpioid), secund: leaves manifestly
triplinerved or 3-ribbed.—Triplinervise.
t Heads middle-sized: scales of the involucre rather thick and rigid, closely imbricated,
with greenish tips.
60. S. Shortii: stem simple or branching from the base, minutely scabrous
pubescent; leaves rigid, smooth and glabrous, with ciliolate-scabrous
margins, oblong-lanceolate, acute; the lower tapering to the base, sharply
and unequally serrate towards the apex; the uppermost entire; racemes
short, disposed in an elongated crowded panicle; scales of the involucre
linear-oblong; achenia silky-pubescent.
j8, heads disposed in a somewhat simple glomerate-spicate raceme.
y. lower leaves slightly serrate, the upper entire.
Rocky islands at the Falls of the Ohio, Dr. Short! (a. & 7■) Kentucky .
Herb. Rafinesque ! (/?. & y.) July-Aug.—A very distinet species, 1-2 feet
high, with the inflorescence and somewhat the habit of S. nemoralis; but with
larger heads, and very smooth and somewhat shining aeute leaves, the margins
of which are mostly beset with small and rigid inflexed cilise; the lower
2-3 inches long, strongly triplinerved, and somewhat reticulate-veined; the
uppermost commonly veinless. Racemes numerous, rather dense, secund,
at length spreading, forming an erect or decurved more or less contracted
panicle, 3-8 inches in length, which is often leafy at the base. Ray and
disk-flowers each 5-7.
61. S. Missouriensis (Nutt.): smooth and glabrous; stem low, simple;
leaves rigid, linear-lanceolate, acute, with very scabrous margins; the lower
tapering to the base, sharply and sparsely serrulate (or even laciniate-serrate)
towards the apex; the radical oblong-spatulate,petioled, 3—5-nerved, reticulated;
racemes rather dense, slender, at length recurved-spreading, forming
a short and crowded pyramidal panicle ; scales of the involucre oblong, obtuse
; achenia slightly pubescent.—Nutt.! in jour. acad. Philad. 7. p. 32,
Sc trans. Amer. phil. soe. (n. ser.) 7. p . 327. S. serotina, Hook.! in compan.
to lot. mag. 1. p. 97. S. glaberrima, Martens, in acad. Brux- ? (we have
seen no character), founded on a plant collected in Missouri by Duennck.
ft. leaves shorter and wider, less pointed.
y. leaves more slender; stem corymbose at the summit; achenia glabrous.
Dry prairies of the Assiniboin (Douglas !) and the sources of St. Peter’s
River (Mr. Nicollet!) of the UppeqMissouri (Mr. Wyeth!) to St. Louis,
Drummond ! Illinois, Mr. Buckley ! Louisiana and Arkansas, Dr. Pitcher !
Dr. Leavenworth ! (Also Chapel flill. North Carolina, according to Nuttall;
but we apprehend some mistake.) /3. Texas, Drummond! y. Illinois, Mr.
Buckley ! July-Aug.—Stem a foot or more in height, from a somewhat
ligneous caudex, simple, or sometimes fastigiately branched at the summit.
Leaves crowded, often fascicled in the upper axils, coriaceous, shining, perfectly
smooth, except the densely ciliolate-scabrous margins ; the uppermost
entire and scarcely if at all nerved; the others varying from obscurely ap-
pressed-serrulate to sparsely laciniate-toothed, conspicuously triplinerved
when old, with the veins of the lower surface also somewhat parallel (the
veinlets minutely reticulated), 2-3 inches long, 2-4 (in fl. sometimes half an
inch) in width. Racemes at first nearly erect, at length elongated and recurved,
forming a short and broad panicle. Involucre closely imbricated.
Rays 6-10, rather short.—A well marked species. The plant is sweet-
scented, according to Mr. Buckley.
t t Heads small: scales of the involucre narrow, membranaceous: racemes mostly
elongated, forming an ample panicle.
62. £. Leavenworthii : stem strict, scabrous ; leaves linear, acute, sharply
Serrate, with ciliolate-scabrous margins, inconspicuously triplinerved, smooth
and glabrous; racemes loose, recurved-spreading, somewhat secund, forming
an elongated open panicle; peduncles villous-pubescent; (heads large for
this subdivision;) scales of the involucre linear-oblong, very obtuse; rays
small.
Florida, near Micanopy, &c., Dr. Leavenworth ! Sept.—Oct.—Stem apparently
3 or 4 feet high, terete, simple, puberulent-seabrous throughout.
Leaves numerous, about 3 inches long, and one-fourth of an inch wide, serrate
with small and sharp appressed teeth, entire and somewhat narrowed
near the base, with a conspicuous midrib, from which arise two rather obscure
lateral nerves, veinless except by transmitted light, when they appear
minutely reticulated under a lens. Racemes in a simple or compound
somewhat leafy panicle (6-12 inches long), loose ; the pedicels slender.
Heads fully as large as in S. gigantea, and much less crowded. Rays about
12, small and slender; the disk-flowers nearly the same number. Ovaries
minutely pubescent.—Allied in some respects to the S. odora group.
63. S. elongata (Nutt.): . stem smooth or minutely pubescent, strict;
leaves lanceolate, acute or acuminate at each end, sparingly serrate, nearly
glabrous, obscurely triplinerved (the veinlets reticulated) ; panicle elongated,
virgate or narrowly pyramidal; the racemes at length somewhat spreading
and secund ; scales of the involucre linear-subulate.; rays small and slender;
achenia pubescent.—Nutt.! in trans. Amer. phil. soc. (n. ser.) 7. p. 327.
S. felata, Hook.! fl. Bor.-Am. 2. p. 5, not of Soland.
ft. leaves lanceolate-linear, sharply and irregularly serrate ; racemes strict,
at length somewhat spreading, but scarcely secund; heads smaller.—S. Canadensis
jS. Hook.! 1. c. S. stricia, Less, in Linncea, 6. p. 502? (Leaves
either smooth and very indistinctly triplinerved, or slightly scabrous with the
nerves more evident: varies also with the leaves shorter, the panicle short
and obtuse. S. Canadensis, Hook. Sf Arn. | hot. Beechey, p. 145.)
y. ? leaves larger, somewhat scabrous above, minutely pubescent beneath,
sometimes nearly glabrous; panicle dense, pyramidal, the crowded racemes
at length recurved-spreading, secund ; heads larger.—S. elongata/3. Nutt.!
l. c. S. Canadensis, Hook. ' fl. Bor.-Am. 2. p. 1, as to Arctic specimens.
Oregon and California (a. & /3.), Menzies! Beechey! Douglas ! Nuttall!
y. Fort Vancouver, Nuttall! Mr. Garry! Straits of Da Fuca, Dr. Scouler !
Arctic America, from Slave Lake, Drummond! to Fort Franklin on the
Mackenzie River, Richardson!—Plant 3-4 feet high, in y. stout; but the
Arctic specimens more dwarf. Panicle 5-10 inches long, strict and narrow,
with the heads about as large as in S. Canadensis: in y. the dense panicle is
usually thyrsoid or broadly pyramidal, with the heads fully as large as in
S. gigantea; it is perhaps a distinct species. Rays exserted, but slender
and inconspicuous.—This species perhaps extends to extra-tropical South
America; for to it (or to S. linearifolia, DC.'?) we may probably refer a
plant collected in Mendoza by the late Dr. Gillies, mentioned in Hook. fl.
Bor.-Am. under S. lanceolata.
64. S. Canadensis (Linn., Ait.) : stem scabrous-hirsute or villous; leaves
lanceolate, acuminate, sharply serrate, sometimes almost entire, more or less
pubescent beneath and scabrous above; panicle pyramidal or fastigiate, of