at the summit, bearing 2 or 3 heads. Primordial radical leaves often sessile, 1-2
inches long; the succeeding sometimes larger; the upper eauline also small:
but in var. j3. all are larger. Heads 12-18 lines in diameter, including the
numerous (12-25) rays. Disk-flowers brown at the summit, or often pale.
§ 2. Stem leafy, corymbose at the summit; the heads' on short peduncles : rays
8-12, drooping (very rarely furnished with an abortive style or with sterile
filaments).—P seudo-helenium.
6. L . brachypoda: minutely pubescent, or glabrous below; stem fastigiate-
corymbose at the summit; leaves decurrent, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate,
entire or denticulate; the upper acute ; scales of the involucre linear-lanceolate,
shorter than the globose brownish-purple disk, about half the length of
the golden yellow ray s; scales of the pappus ovate, somewhat denticulate,
mucronate or abruptly cuspidate-awned : achenia hairy on the angles.—He-
lenium quadridentatum, Hook.! compan. to hot. mag. 1. p. 98 ; Croom ! cat.
pi. New Bern. p. 44 ; not of Labill. 8fc. H. nudiflorum & H. micranthum,
N u tt.! in trans. Amer. phil. soc. l. c. p. 385.
p. rays dark orange or brownish-purple.—H. purpureum, Hale! mss.
Damp soil, North Carolina! to Georgia ! and Florida! and from Illinois!
to Louisiana ! Arkansas! and Texas ! apparently common. April-July.—
Plant 1—3 feet high, commonly slender and simple below, often much
branched; the radical leaves often .toothed. Disk 4—6 lines in diameter.
Receptacle ovoid. Rays irregularly and often deeply cleft, one-half to three-
fourths of an inch long. Corolla of the disk 4—5-toothed. Pappus sometimes
scarcely pointed, but mostly tipped with a mucronate point or short awn.—
The variety with brown-purple rays is apparently confined to the South-
Western States, and is not constant. The rays are entirely sterile; but in
one or two instances we have observed an abortive style in a portion of the
rays, while the others were neutral. The aspect of this somewhat variable
plant is entirely that of Helenium: but as the sterile rays afford the only
available character of Leptopoda, we are obliged to retain it in the latter
genus.
Div. 2. B a e d w i n i e m.—Receptacle very deeply alveolate; the cartilaginous
alveoli consisting of united chaff? enclosing the achenia. Rays
neutral.
129. BALDWINIA. (Baldwina,) Nutt. gen. 2. p. 175 (partly); Ell. sk.
Heads (subglobose in fruit) many-flowered ; the ray-flowers 20-30, ligu-
late, neutral, in a single series; those of the disk tubular, perfect. Involucre
campanulate, scarcely as long as the disk; the scales imbricated in about 4
series, short and thick, appressed, or at length somewhat squarrose ; the innermost
longest, mucronate-acuminate. Proper receptacle convex-conical, covered
with cartilaginous chaff' entirely concreted, and forming 5-6-angular
cells or deep alveoli, the margins nearly truncate and entire. Rays narrowly
cuneiform-oblong, 3-toothed at the apex. Corolla of the disk with a *
short corneous tube, and a cylindrical 5-toothed limb ; the teeth glandular-
puberulent. Branches of the style flattish, crowned with a ring or tuft of-col-
lecting hairs, and terminated by a subulate cone. Achenia immersed in the
cells, cylindrical-obconical, silky-villous. Pappus of 7-9 lanceolate-oblong
nerveless erect chaffy scales in a single series, as long as the corneous tube of
thecorolla, and about the length of the achenium.—A perennial puberulent
herb, with a simple or rarely somewhat branched striate stem, naked at the
summit. Leaves alternate,, rather thick, minutely punctate, short, linear-
spatulate, sessile, entire. Head large, solitary. Corolla of the disk and ray
yellow, punctate with resinous dots. Anthers yellowish-white.
B. uniflora (Nutt.! 1. c.)—Ell. sk. 2. p. 147; DC. ! prodr. 5. p. 653.
Ceranthea, Le Conte ! mss.
Margin of swamps, Virginia, near the coast, S. Carolina! Georgia ! Florida
! and Covington, Louisiana! July-Sept.—Stem about 2 feet high.
Leaves obscurely 1-nerved. Head, including the rays, nearly 2 inches in
'diameter; the exterior involucral scales oval, obtuse. Receptacle resembling
honey-comfy; the cells 4 lines in depth, including the (not stipitate) achenia
and pappus.—The remarkable genus Baldwinia (as it should be written) was
named in commemoration of the late Dr. ¥ m . Baldwin ; a botanist of distinguished
talents and indefatigable zeal, in whose early death natural science
in this country sustained a severe loss. The genus may Well be restricted to
the present species, as proposed by Elliott; who, however, probably mistook
the appressed silky hairs at the summit of the achenium for a fimbriate exterior
pappus.
130. ACTINOSPERMUM.. Ell. sk. 2. p. 448, under Baldwinia.
Heads (hemispherical in fruit) many-floWered; the ray-flowers 8-10, ligu-
late, neutral; those of the disk tubular, perfect. Involucre much shorter
than the disk ; the scales imbricated in about 2 series, lanceolate, somewhat
foliaceous, squarrose;/the interior mucronate-acute. Proper receptacle
small,' covered with cartilaginous subulate-cuspidate chaff, concreted and
forming somewhat hexangular cells, in which the achenia and pappus are
deeply immersed. Rays narrowly cuneiform, elongated, 3-toothed at the
apex. Corolla of the disk with a somewhat expanded deeply 5-toothed limb
(the teeth glandular-puberulent), becoming indurated at the very base ; the
proper tube almost none. Style &c. as in Baldwinia. Achenia turbinate,
silky, stipitate, flat and 12-radiate at the summit, and crowned with a short
cup-shaped pappus of about 12 orbicular-obovate nerveless scales, which are
slightly thickened at the base.—An annual or biennial ? slender corymbosely
much branched herb, glabrous, or when young often hirsute with scattered
jointed hairs; the slender branches naked at the summit, and terminated by
small but showy heads, with somewhat the aspect of a Coreopsis ; the bright
yellow rays 3-4 times the length of the involucre. Disk-corolla and anthers
yellow, sprinkled with resinous globules. Leaves very numerous, alternate
or irregularly scattered, often much crowded, narrowly linear, obtuse, tapering
to the base, sessile, thickisb, impressed-punctate, nerveless.
A . angustifolium.—Buphthalmum angustifolium, Banks! herb.; Pursh!
fl. 2. p. 564. Baldwina multiflora, Null.! gen. 2. p. 176; E ll.! 1. c .; DC.
prodr. 5. p. 653.
Sand hills of Georgia and Florida, Bartram! Baldwin ! Mr. L. Le Conte !
Dr. Chapman! Dr. Leavenworth! Aug.-Sept.—Stem 1-3 feet high.