is 7 or 8 inches long,) are not corymbose but simple, slender, from an inch
and a half to two inches in length, suberect, and each bearing 3 to 4 subses-
sile secund (obconic or subcylindric) capitula : the outer scales of the involucre
are less than half the length of the innermost; their shape and the number
of flowers in each are accurately noted by Pursh.”
§ 2 . Suffruticose : branches and heads corymbose: leaves obovate, punctncu-
late: scales o f the few-flowered involucre few, imbricated: lobes of the corolla
lanceolate: pappus unequal, barbellate.— L e p t o c u n iu m , Nutt.
17. L. fruticosa (Nutt..): glabrous; branches naked above; leaves spatu-
late-obovate, nerveless, entire ; heads about 5-flowered ; involucre cylindri-
cal-campanulate, much shorter than the pappus; the scales (12-14) lanceolate.
acute, or acuminate, sprinkled with resinous globules; achenia villous-
pubescent.—Nutt. ! in Sill. jour. 5. p. 299, in trans. Amer. phil. soc.
(n. ser.) 7. p . 285.
East Florida, Mr. Ware !—Leaves scattered, (the lower opposite, the
upper alternate, Nutt.) about an inch long, similar in shape to those of the
common Purslane. Scales of the involucre imbricated in about 3 series;
the exterior shorter and more acuminate; the innermost a little longer than
the achenia, which are nearly 3 lines in length. Corolla purple. Pappus
longer than the achenia, of numerous rather strongly barbellate bristles, some
of which are much weaker and shorter than the others.—The achenia and
pappus exactly agree with those of L. scariosa, and are about the same size :
the receptacle is the same as in other few-flowered species.
§ 3. Root a short rhizoma or caudex: leaves dilated, obovate, spatulate, or
lanceolate, somewhat tripli-nerved or veined, not punctate with impressed
dots: heads corymbose or paniculate-cymose, small, few-flowered: scales of
the involucre few and slightly imbricated ; corolla scarcely dilated above ;
the lobes short, ovate: pappus minutely barbellate.—T kimsa, Cass., DC.
(excl. spec.)
18. L- odoratissima (Willd.): glabrous; leaves somewhat glaucous, obscurely
veined; the radical ones obovate-spatulate, tapering at the base, often
slightly and obtusely toothed; the cauline oblong, clasping at the base; cyme
corymbose-paniculate; the heads numerous, pedicellate, 7-8-flowered ; scales
of the involucre spatulate-oblong, glandular; achenia scarcely pubescent.—
W illd .! spec. 3. p. 1637; Michx. ! fl. 2. p. 93 ; Pursh, ft. 2. p. 510 ; Nutt.!
gen. 2. p. 132 ; Andr. bot. rep. t. 633; Ell. sk. 2. p. 283 ; DC. ! prodr. 5.
p. 131 ; Don, in Brit. fl. gard. (ser. 2) t. 184. Anonymos odoratissimus,
Walt. Car. p . 198. Trilisa odoratissima, Cass. diet. 55. p. 310.
Pine barrens, Virginia (Nuttall) to Florida! Alabama! and Louisiana!
Sept.-Oct.—Stem 2—4 feet high, corymbose at the summit. Leaves thick,
tripli-nerved, or with several veins proceeding from the midrib; the radical
ones large; the upper small and scattered. Flowers bright purple.
Achenia glandular.—The leaves when bruised exhale the odor of Vanilla,
which in a dry state they retain for many years; whence the popular
name, Vanilla-plant.
19. L. paniculata (Willd.): stem clothed with viscid hairs; leaves 3-5-
nerved, mostly glabrous ; the radical ones spatulate-lanceolate, tapering into
a margined petiole; the cauline very small and numerous, lanceolate or
ovate-lanceolate, sessile, viscidly pubescent when young; corymbs small,
numerous, aggregated into a dense oblong panicle; heads 4—10-(commonly
5-) flowered ; scales of the involucre lanceolate or linear-oblong, viscid ;
achenia minutely pubescent.— Willd..' spec. 3. p . 1637 ; Michx.! 1. c . ;
Pursh, l. c .; Nutt. ! gen. 2. p. 132 ; Ell. sk. 2. p. 283; D C ! 1. c. Anonymos
panicnlatus, Walt.! Car. p. 198.
Moist pine barrens, Virginia to Florida! common. Sept.-Oct.—Stem 1-2
feet high, virgate, purplish, somewhat villous or hirsute with glutinous hairs.
Cauline leaves very small, appressed, almost imbricated. Heads as large
as in the preceding species. Corolla purple, sometimes almost white. The
scales of the involucre vary from 6 to 16, and the flowers from 4 to 10.
L. flexuosa of D. Thomas, in Sill. jour. 27. p. 338 (1839), is either L. cylin-
dracea or a reduced L. squarrosa; it is impossible to determine which from the
imperfect description and figure.
12. CLAVIGERA. DC. prodr. 5. p. 127.
Heads 5-20-flowered. Scales of the involucre imbricated in several series,
striate; the exterior very short; the innermost elongated, linear. Receptacle
narrow, naked. Corolla tubular, dilated at the base, not expanded above,
5-toothed ; the teeth very short, glandular externally. Style with a villous
bulb at the base; the branches terete or subclavate, mostly glabrous, included
or partly exserted. Achenia somewhat cylindrical, striate (mostly 10-striate),
nearly glabrous, sessile. Pappus a single series of plumose-barbellate bristles.—
Somewhat , shrubby branched (Mexican & Texan) plants. Leaves
alternate, 1-nerved or tripli-nerved, linear or oblong, entire or toothed, sometimes
dotted with resinous globules, or punctate. Heads in a corymbose or
spicate panicle. Flowers whitish.
1 A genus intermediate between Kuhnia and Liatris [but much nearer the former],
dedicated, on account of the species being all natives of Mexico, to Franc.
Xav. Clavigero, who wrote upon the natural as well as the civil history of Mexico.”
DC.—On the authority of Hfenke’s herbarium, De Candolle gives Mulgrave Sound
as one of the localities of C. scoparia; but this is probably a mistake; and much
confusion is said to exist respecting the localities of Haenke’s plants.
1. C. dentata (DC.) : pubescent, cinereous, shrubby; leaves oval-oblong,
toothed, here and there somewhat lobed at the apex ; branchlets leafy, bearing
one or few heads disposed in a narrow panicle; heads 12-flowered; scales
of the involucre linear-lanceolate, acuminate, ciliate, somewhat scarious at
the apex, more or less striate. DC. 1. c.
Texas, in the eastern districts (Cammancheries), and about Bexar, Ber-
landier, ex DC.—This species perhaps hardly comes within the prescribed
limits of our Flora. We introduce it for comparison with the following,
apparently different, species!
2. C. Riddellii: shrubby; the branches cinereous and minutely pubescent:
leaves oblong-lanceolate, obscurely punctate ; the lower ones tripli-
nerved, reticulate-veined beneath, minutely pubescent, unequally serrate; I those of the branches small, crenately toothed from the middle to the
apex ; heads 15-20-flowered, disposed in a leafy spike or thyrsus terminating
the virgate branches ; scales of the involucre pubescent and glandular, striate,
obtuse, seldom mucronate; the exterior ovate; the inner lanceolate-
linear, slightly scarious at the apex.
Interior of Texas, Dr. Riddell!—A much branched shrub, 4-6 feet high.
Lower leaves slightly petioled. Spike or raceme nearly simple, dense, virgate
; the heads scarcely exceeding the leaves from the axils of which they
arise, the lower ones flowering earliest. Branches of the style partly exserted,
clavate. Achenia about 10-striate.