reticulate-rugose by transverse lines.—N u ti. ! in jo u r . a c a d . P h ila d . 7.
p . 104, 4* in tran s. A m e r. p h il . soc. 1. c. p . 427.
p . m u tic a : bristles of inner pappus altogether wanting!
Arkansas, N u tta ll! D r . L ea v enw o rth ! Texas, D rum m o n d ! (a. & p .
under no. 164.)—Scarcely a span high. Earlier radical leaves in shape not
unlike those of Cardamine bellidifolia, sometimes lyrate-pinnatifid with
several divisions; the later ones much more slender. One of two of the in-
volucral scales are usually 2-3-nerved, and 2-3-carinate in fruit.—Except as
to the pappus, the var. p . is not distinguishable from the ordinary form.
§ 2. B r is tle s o f the p a p p u s much lon g e r than the p e n ta n g u la r a chenium:
scales o f the involucre 10—18, linear-lanceolate, n e a r ly nerveless, s p re a d in g
in f r u i t .—E dkrigia.
2. K . V irg in ic a (Willd.): scapes at length several, sparsely and minutely
pubescent, especially near the apex ; leaves somewhat glaucous; the
primary orbicular or spatulate, mostly entire; the succeeding spatulate-
oblong or lanceolate, lyrate-toothed, or sinuate-pinnatifid.— W illd . spec. 3.
p . 1618 ; N u tt. ! g en . 2. p . 127 ; E l l . sk . 2. p . 264 ; B ig e l. fl. B o st. ed . 2.
p . 289 ; D a r l in g t. ! f l . Cest. p . 440; D C . ! 1. c. Hyoseris Virginica, L in n ,
spec. 2. p . 809 ; L am . jo u r . hist. n a t. 1 . p . 22, t. 12; M ic h x . ! fl. 2. p . 88.
Cynthia Virginica, B e ck , hot. p . 169, not of D on .
P- dichotoma (Barton): more caulescent; stems much branched near the
base.—K. dichotoma, N u t t . ! l . c . ; D C . l l . c . Hyoseris ramosissima, B a r t,
p r o d r . f l . P h ila d .
Dry sandy grounds and rocks (rarely in wet places), Canada! to Louisiana!
and Texas! May-Aug.—Scapes 1-10 inches high. Flowers deep
yellow. Achenia minutely hispid-scabrous on the angles__The var. p. is a
summer state of the species.—D w a r f D an d e lio n .
3. K . C a ro liniana (Nutt.): scapes solitary or several, slightly and sparsely
pubescent, often somewhat hispid at the summit; primary leaves linear-
lanceolate, acute at each end, entire or with one or two divaricate lobes on
each side; the succeeding variously pinnatifid, runcinate, or incised, acute
or obtuse.—N u t t .! l . c . ; E l l . 1. c . ; D C . ! 1. c. Hyoseris Caroliniana,
W a lt. C a r. p . 194.
p . le p to p h y lla : leaves all linear-lanceolate, acuminate, either entire or
with one or two slender divaricate lobes on each side.—K. leptophylla,
D C . ! l . c .
Carolina! to Florida, Alabama ! and Texas! Feb.-May.—Scapes 1-12
inches high. Leaves very variable as to size, incision, See.
t Uncertain species.
4 . K . montana (Nutt. 1. c .): very glabrous, procumbent; leaves lanceolate
[or somewhat spatulate], entire; pappus double ; the exterior minute chaffy
scales and the bristles few. M ic h x .—Hyoseris montana, M ich x . fl. 2.
p . 87.
On the highest mountains of North Carolina, M ich au x .
180. CYNTHIA. D o n . in E d in h . p h il. jo u r . 12. p . 306 ; L e s s . ; D C .
Heads many-flowered. Scales of the involucre 12-16, linear-lanceolate,
equal, somewhat in a double series, shorter than the corolla. Receptacle
flat, foveolate. Achenia short, obscurely quadrangular, many-striate, not
rostrate. Pappus double; the exterior of numerous very small chaffy
squamellse ; the inner of numerous capillary and scabrous somewhat deciduous
bristles.—Perennial nearly glabrous and somewhat glaucous (North
American) herbs; with very smooth undivided or pinnatifid leaves: the
scapes or peduncles slender, mostly glandular-hispid at the summit, and
bearing single middle-sized heads. Flowers bright yellow.
§ 1 . Caulescent, somewhat branched above : root not tuberiferous : peduncles
subumbellate: achenia oblong, slightly narrowed towards the base.—Eu-
c y n t h i a , DC. (excl. char, invol. calycul.) (Luthera, Schultz.)
1 . C. Virginica (Don, l.c .) : leaves oval, spatulate-oblong, or oblong-
lanceolate ; the radical on short winged petioles, angulate-denticulate, sinuate
toothed, somewhat lyrate, or occasionally deeply pinnatifid;- the cauline
1- 2, clasping, mostly entire; peduncles 2-5, elongated.—DC. ! 1. c.—C. am -
plexicaulis, Beck ! bot. p. 168; Darlingt.! fl. Cest. p. 441. C. Griffith«,
Nu tt.! in jour. acad. Philad. 7. p. 69. Tragopogon Virginicum,
Linn. spec. 2. p. 789. Hyoseris amplexicaulis, Michx.! fl. 2. p.
87. H. biflora, Walt. Car. p. 194. H. prenanthoides, Willd. spec. 3. p.
1516. Troximon Virginicum, Pers. syn. 2. p. 360 ; Pursh, fl. 2. p. 505.
Krigia amplexicaulis, Nutt. ! gen. 2. p. 127; Ell. sk. 2. p. 266. Luthera
Virginica, Schultz, in Linncea, 10. p. 257.
Dry or moist sandy soil, &c., New York! Michigan! and from Lake
Winipeg (Dr. Houghton !) to Kentucky ! and the upper part of Carolina!
and Georgia ! May—July.—Stem 1—2 feet high, sometimes once or twice
forked, somewhat naked. Leaves 2-5 inches long. Peduncles subtended
either by a single small bracteant leaf, or by 2 unequal and nearly opposite
bracts. Achenia glabrous. Pappus strongly scabrous.—The state with
pinnatifid or lyrate radical leaves not at all constant.
§ 2. Acaulescent: roots tuberiferous: scapes naked, simple: achenia tapering
to the base, somewhat turbinate.—A d o p o g o n , DC. (not of Neck. ?)
2. C. Dandelion (DC.! 1. c .) : scapes usually several from the same root;
primary leaves spatulate-oblong; the others linear-lanceolate, elongated,
mostly acute, either entire, repand-denticulate, remotely sinuate-toothed, or
laciniate-subpinnatifid ; the triangular-lanceolate divaricate lobes 2-3 on each
side.—C. Dandelion & C. Boscii, DC- ! 1. c. C. lyrata, Nutt.! in jour. acad.
Philad. 7. p. 69. Tragopogon Dandelium, Linn. spec. ed. 2. p. 1111 (pi.
Gronov. !); Willd. 1. c. Troximon Dandelion, Pers. 1. c. Hyoseris major,
Walt. 1. c. H. angustifolia, Michx. fl. 2. p. 87; Pursh, l. c. Krigia
Dandelion, Nutt. ! gen. 2. p. 127 ; Ell. 1. c.
p. leaves very narrowly linear and attenuated, either entire or sparingly
laciniate-pinnatifid.—Krigia Caroliniana, Hook. ! in compan. to bot. mag. 1 .
p. 100, not of Nutt.
y. often caulescent and decumbent; leaves either remotely sinuate-pinnatifid
or entire; the upper cauline somewhat opposite.—Hyoseris
montana, Michx. fl. 2. p. 87 ?
Low grounds and fields, Maryland! and Virginia! to Alabama! Louisiana!
Arkansas! and Texas! y. Wet rocks at Tulaloo Falls, and mountains
of Georgia, Mr. Buckley ! March-May— Scapes 6-15 inches high: some
of the leaves often almost as long. Roots fibrous, bearing small round tubers at
the extremity. Achenia somewhat scabrous. Exterior squamellate pappus
always present; the bristles of the inner minutely scabrous.—Our var. p.