§ Scapes usually branched: involucre obconical, many-bracteolate: achenia
fusiform : pappus a single series of (dirty white or tawny) equal plumose
bristles, which are lanceolate-thickened at the base.—O fo r in ia , Don, DC.
1 . L . autumnale (Linn.): root prsemorse, fibrose; leaves more or less
pinnalifid; peduncles paniculate-corymbose, thickened at the summit, and
furnished with small scaly bracts; involucre obovoid-oblong, more or less
pubescent.—Koch, syn. jl. Germ. $f Helv. p. 418. Hedypnois autumnalis,
Hu d s.; Engl. bot. t. 830. Apargia autumnalis, Willd .; Schkuhr, handb.
t. 220 ; Pursh, Jl. 2. p. 497 ; Bigel. ! Jl. Bost. ed. 2. p . 285 ; Hook. ! Jl.
Bor.-Am. 1. p. 296. Oporiuia autumnalis, Hon, in Edinb. phil. jour. 6.
(1829); Beck, bot. p. 168 ; DC. ! prodr. 7. p. 108.
Newfoundland, Pylaie! Mr. Cormack! perhaps native. Naturalized in
pastures and roadsides throughout the eastern part of the New England
States! Aug.-Oct.
Subtribe 4. L a c t u c e j e , Cass. (Lactuce® & Hieracie®, Less., DC.)—
Receptacle not chaffy. Pappus capillary; the bristles mostly soft or fragile,
not dilated or thickened at the base, nor plumose.
187. APARGIDIUM.
Head many-flowered. Scales of the campanulate-cylindrical involucre
narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, strongly one-nerved ; the inner nearly in a
single series; the exterior few, short and subulate-bracteolate. Receptacle
naked. Tube of the corolla villous. Immature achenia ohlong, slightly
obcompressed, glabrous, not ribbed, nor attenuated at either end. Pappus
of copious rather rigid and fragile barbellate-denticulate capillary bristles,
nearly in a single series, scarcely thickened downwards, brownish.—A slender
glabrous acaulescent perennial herb ; with fibrous-fasciculate often tuber-
iferous roots, and narrowly linear-lanceolate obscurely denticulate leaves,
arising from a short caudex. Head solitary, on an elongated naked scape,
at first nodding. Flowers light yellow.
A. boreale.—Apargia borealis, Bongard ! veg. Sitcha, in mem. acad. St.
Petersb. 1. c. p. 146. Leontodon boreale, DC. ! prodr. 7. p. 102. Crepis
borealis, C. H. Schultz, ined.
Sitcha, Bongard ! Oregon, Mr. Tolmie!—Scape longer than the leaves,
slender, 4-12 inches high. Leaves 2-4 lines wide, tapering to both ends,
acute, one-nerved, furnished with here and there a slight retrorse tooth, somewhat
petioled. Head about as large as in the common Dandelion : scales
of the involucre erect. Mature achenia unknown.—The pappus is neither
plumose nor white, as described by Bongard, but between barbell ate and denticulate,
and dull light brown.
188. HIERACIUM. Tourn.; L in n .; Gesrtn. fr . t. 158; Schkuhr,
handb. t. 221; DC. prodr. 7. p. 202.
Heads many-flowered. Scales of the involucre imbricated, or only in
two series, of which the outer is short and somewhat calyculate.
Receptacle scrohiculate, or slightly alveolate-fimbrillate. Achenia oblong
or columnar, often subclavate, rarely fusiform, striate or ribbed,
not rostrate. Pappus consisting of a single series of persistent but very
fragile denticulate-scabrous bristles, brownish-white or fuscous.—Perennial
herbs (chiefly of the northern hemisphere); with entire or toothed
leaves, many of the European species stoloniferous; the softer pubescence
often stellate; the bristly hairs frequently glandular or denticulate. Flowers
yellow, very rarely orange or white.
§ 1 . Involucre imbricated: achenia usually tapering towards the base, but
never towards the summit (heads commonly rather large.)—E uhieracium.
1. H. alpinum (Linn.): stem bearing about a single leaf and a solitary
ventricose head ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, entire or somewhat toothed, bearing
both villous and glandular hairs ; scales of the involucre rather loose,
villous; ligules pubescent externally.—Engl. bot. t. 1119; Fred.! in DC.
prodr. 7. p. 208.
Greenland! (v. sp. in herb. Greene.)—The H. pusillum, Pursh ! (Jl. 2. p.
502), which this author suggests may be only a diminutive variety of H.
alpinum, and which is therefore referred to that species by E. Meyer, &c.,
proves, on examination of the authentic specimen in herb. Lamb, (from herb.
Dickson) to be Erigeron alpinum!
2. H. vulgatum (Fries): stem erect, somewhat flexuous, naked above,
corymbose at the summit; leaves lanceolate, attenuate at both ends, coarsely
[or obscurely] toothed, entire towards the apex, petioled, villous; involucre
obtuse, hirsute and glanduliferous; pappus nearly white. Frcel. in DC.—
Fries, nomt. Suec. ed. 2. p. 259. (H. sylvaticum, FI. Dan. t. 1113, (not of
Linn., Wahl. 8fc.) and H. murorum a, Linn, in part, fide Fries, l. c.) H.
molle, Pursh! Jl: 2. p. 503, not of Jacq. H. sylvaticum, Schlecht. in Linncea,
10. p. 87 ; Hook. Jl. Bor.-Am, 1 . p. 299?
Greenland, Fries. Labrador, Kohlmeister! Henne, ex Schlecht. Point
Levi, Lower Canada, Mrs. Sheppard, ex Hook, (if we have correctly referred
the synonym.)—A variable species, allied to H. sylvaticum and H.
murorum, with the heads resembling in size and form those of H. molle
(Crepis hieracioides, Waldst. Sf Kit.), for which Pursh mistook it.
I 3. II. prenanthoides (Vill.): stem simple, strict, leafy, corymbose at the
summit; leaves membranaceous, denticulate, ciliate, reticulated and glaucous
beneath; the cauline oblong-lanceolate, clasping; the lower narrowed
and auriculate at the base; the peduncles and oblong heads glandular-hirsute.
Fred, in DC. 1. c.— Vill. Delph. 3. p. 108, Spvoy. p. 58, t. 3, f . 3 ;
Fries, novit. Suec. ed. 2. p. 261.
Greenland, Fries. (A stouter variety, not glaucous, and hairy throughout.)
—Leaves varying from cordate to ovate-oblong, lanceolate, and lingulate,
always acute. Fries.
4. H. Canadense (Michx.): stem erect, simple or sparingly branched
above, leafy; leaves sessile, lanceolate or ovate-oblong, acute, sparingly pubescent
or hairy, especially on the midrib and veins beneath, or nearly glabrous,
scabrous-ciliolate, remotely and often incisely dentate with a few sharp
and spreading or divaricate teeth; the upper obtuse at the base, often somewhat
auriculate and partly clasping; heads (showy) corymbose; involucre
somewhat glabrous;, the exterior subulate scales mostly spreading in fruit,
the others appressed; receptacle somewhat alveolate, fimbrillate-toothed.__
Michx.! Jl. 2. p. 86; Monnier! ess. Hier. p. 37. H. virgatum, fasciculatum,