state of the plant, or when the corymb has been injured, in which case it
often produces short axillary flower-branches.
2- H. grandiflora (Nutt.): very villous, glandular and viscid above;
leaves oval-oblong, obtuse, sparingly toothed ; the upper sessile or nearly so
with a tapering base; the lower tapering into long and slender petioles, which
are somewhat dilated at the base; involucre glandular-viscid; achenia of the
ray pubescent, of the disk silky-pubescent; exterior pappus setose, short, inconspicuous.—
Nutt.! in trans. Amer. phil. soc. 1. c. p. 315. Diplopappus
scaber, Hook. ! fl. Bor.-Am. 2. p. 22.
“ N. W. Coast, Menzies ! in herb. Hook, (probably California?) and on
rocks St. Barbara, California, Nuttall!—Heads larger than in H. scabra,
but smaller than in H. inuloides; distinguished from the former by the
character assigned, and by the short and triangular obtuse appendages of the
styles; from the latter by the obtuse, densely villous, slightly toothed leaves,
distinct exterior pappus, &c. In our specimen of H. inuloides (Mexico,
Harlweg), the disk-flowers present an unequal pappus of copious capillary
bristles, forming 2 or more series, but with no distinct squamellate or setose
exterior pappus; thus holding the same relation to Aplopappus, that the
other species do to Chrysopsis.
Subdiv. 5. Chhysop s ibk®, DC.—Pappus of the ray and disk similar,
double; the exterior short; the inner copious, capillary.
55. CHRYSOPSIS. Nutt. gen. 2. p. 150 (§ of Inula), excl. spec.; Ell.
sk. 2. p . 333 ; DC. prodr. Jo. p. 326.
Heads many-flowered; the ray-flowers ligulate, pistillate, in a single
series; those of the disk tubular, perfect. Scales of the involucre linear, imbricate.
Receptacle somewhat alveolate, flat. Corolla of the disk-flowers
tubular, 5-toothed. Branches of the style mostly terminated by linear or
linear-subulate hispid appendages, often longer than the flat stigmatic portion.
Achenia obovate or linear-oblong, compressed, hairy. Pappus of the
disk and ray similar, double ; the exterior short, squamellate-setose or somewhat
chaffy ; the interior of numerous elongated and scabrous capillary bristles.
Perennial, rarely annual or suffrutescent plants (all North American),
mostly villous, silky, or woolly; with oblong or linear usually entire and
sessile leaves. Heads terminating the branches, often corymbose, showy.
Flowers yellow.
§ 1. Perennial: leaves gramineous or linear, nerved: achenia oblong-linear,
at length attenuate at each end, or fusiform: exterior pappus setiform or
somewhat squamellate-subulate.—P ityopsis, Nutt.
1. C. graminifolia (Nutt.): thickly clothed with long closely appressed
silky hairs ; stem corymbosely branched above, leafy ; leaves lanceolate or
linear, gramineous, shining, nervose, entire ; the uppermost and those of the
branchlets very short, appressed; heads corymbose, or somewhat paniculate;
scales of the turbinate involucre linear and lanceolate-subulate, pubescent
and more or less glandular; achenia linear or linear-oblong, silky-pubescent;
exterior pappus nearly setiform.—Ell. sk. 2. p . 334; DC .! prodr. 5. p.
326. Inula graminifolia, Michx. ! fl. 2. p. 122; Pursh, fl. 2. p . 532 ; Nutt.
gen. 2. p. 151. Erigeron nervosum, W illd .! spec. 3. p. 1953. E. glandu-
losum, Pair, ex DC. .Diplopappus graminifolius,Less, in Linneea, 5. p. 310,
D- sericeus, Hook, compan. to bot. mag. 1. p. 97. Pityopsis (Sericophyl-
lum) graminifolia & argentea, Nutt, in trans. Amer. phil. soc. (n. ser.)
7. p. 318.
(3. achenia rather shorter; stem less leafy towards the summit.—C. argentea,
Nutt. 1. c .; Ell. 1. c .; DC.! 1. c. Inula argentea, Pers. syn. 2. p.
452, ex DC. I. graminifolia /?. tenuifolia, Torr.! in ann. lyc. New York,
2. p. 212.
Dry sandy soil, Delaware to Florida! Alabama! and Western Louisiana!
July-Oct.—Stem 1-2 feet high, usually leafy throughout. Leaves with
both surfaces similar and shining ; the pubescence at length often partly deciduous;
the leaves of the branches somewhat subulate. Heads variable in
size. Pappus whitish or brownish.—This species varies considerably as to
the size and breadth of the ieaves; but C. argentea can scarcely be distinguished,
even as a variety. In both forms the involucre is either manifestly
or very slightly glandular, and sometimes a glandular pubescence takes the
place of the silky hairs on the branchlets and peduncles.'
2. C. oligantha (Chapman! mss.): stem simple, slender, glandular and
naked above, bearing 2-4 heads; leaves lanceolate or spatulate-lanceolate,
silky with closely appressed shining hairs, nervose, entire ; heads on elongated
naked peduncles; scales of the campanulate involucre subulate-lanceolate,
glandular, somewhat pubescent; achenia line,ar, elongated, silky-villous
; exterior pappus nearly setiform.
Damp pine barrens of Middle Florida, Dr. Chapman! April-May.—
Stem 12-18 inches high, somewhat leafy and silky below the middle, but
glandular and entirely naked or with a few minute bracts above. Leaves
either elongated as in the preceding, or short and linear-spatulate, or even
oblong and obtuse, on the same plant. Peduncles 2-4 inches long. Heads
mostly larger than is usual in C. graminifolia—This is a vernal species,
closely allied to the preceding, but perhaps sufficiently distinct. It cannot
be the Inula argentea of Persoon, or of later authors: the achenium and pappus
are wholly similar to the preceding.—We have seen Mexican specimens
almost intermediate between this species and the preceding,;.
3. C. pinifolia (Ell.): nearly glabrous; stem rigid, branching; leaves
crowded, narrowly linear, rigid, carinate-nerved ; the uppermost setaceous;
heads mostly solitary terminating the branchlets; inner scales of the involucre
linear-lanceolate, somewhat membranaceous and lanate-ciliate at the
apex; achenia linear, villous; exterior pappus somewhat chaffy or squamellate.—
E ll.! sk. 2. p. 335; D C .! prodr. 5. p. 326. Erigeron retro-
flexum, Poir. suppl. 2. p. 464 1 Pityopsis pinifolia, Nutt.! 1. c.
Sand-hills between the Flint and Chatahooehee Rivers, Georgia, Elliott!
Sept.-Oct.—Stem 1-2 feet high. Lower leaves 4-6 inches long. Heads
rather large. Exterior pappus very short, whitish; the interior reddish-
brown.
4. C. falcata (Ell.): stem lanate-villous, often branched ; leaves crowded,
linear, mucronate, rigid, spreading or falcate, about 3-nerved, entire, hairy
or at length nearly glabrous ; heads (small) paniculate-corymbed ; the pedicels
slender; scales of the campanulate involucre villous-pubescent; achenia
oblong-linear; exterior pappus setiform.—E ll.! 1. c. p. 336 (note);
D C .! 1. c. Inula falcata, Pursh, fl. 2. p. 532. I. (Chrysopsis) Mariana,
/?. Nutt.! 1. c. Pityopsis falcata, Nutt.! in trans. Amer. phil. soc. 1. c.
Pine barrens, New Jersey! and Long Island, New York ! Connecticut,
Dr. Robbins! Nantucket, Massachusetts, Mr. T. A. Green! July—Sept,—
Stems 6-10 inches high, stout, very leafy. Pappus cinnamon-colored.—A
very distinct species.