400 COMPOSITE. H em iz o n ia .
the involucre 8-10, rather shorter than the disk. Exterior series of the obtuse
membranaceous chaff united nearly to the apex ; a portion of the inner also
irregularly united with each other, and with the outer series. Rays 8-10,
apparently white, a little longer than the disk, broadly cuneiform, deeply
3-lobed (the middle lobe smallest), convolute, with an extremely short thickened
and glandular tube: the fertile achenia with a very short incurved
stipe, the base of which is dilated into a scarious disk. Corolla of the disk
white or yellowish; the chocolate-brown anthers tipped (as in other species)
with a broad roundish-deltoid appendage; the ovaries abortive.
§ 6. Heads many-flowered, somewhat solitary, hracteate: receptacle chaffy
throughout; the chaff, as well as the scales of the involucre, glandular-
laciniate, distinct or united only at the base: pappus none : leaves entire ;
the uppermost tipped with a large truncate gland: flowers yellowish-
white ?
9. H. macradenia (DC.) : stem suffruticose, much branched ; leaves linear,
entire, slightly hairy (as well as the branches), thickish, crowded, with
smaller ones often fascicled in their axils; “ the lower sparingly serrate”
(D C .); the uppermost and the numerous bracts tipped with a large and sessile
truncate or cup-shaped gland; scales of the involucre and chaff of the
receptacle glandular, their margins and back covered with callous cylindrical
projections or laciniate teeth, which are terminated by a thick truncate
gland ; fertile achenia obovate, gibbous, somewhat angled on the back and
face, the apex strongly incurved, and terminated by a short ascending beak;
those of the disk sterile.—DC.! prodr. 5. p. 693; Hoolc. A m .! 1. c.
California, Douglas!—This singular plant approaches Calycadenia in
habit, as De Candolle remarks ; but it is surely by some mistake that it is said
to resemble H. luzulsefolia. We find the achenia to accord with De Candolle’s
description. The heads (half an inch in diameter) are solitary or
several, together? and nearly sessile at or near the summit of the branches :
the broadly cuneiform numerous rays somewhat exserted, 3-lobed at the
apex, and raised on a slender glandular-hispid tube. The upper leaves are
about half an inch long, half a line broad (rather dilated at the base), with
still smaller ones in the axils, tipped with a gland nearly as in Calycadenia.
138. CALYCADENIA. DC. prodr. 5. p. 695.
Heads many-flowered ; the ray-flowers 3-5, pistillate, 3-lobed or 3-parted,
with a slender mostly glandular tube; those of the disk tubular, perfect, but
mostly infertile. Involucre bracteate at the base ; the scales in a single series,
concave, partly enclosing the ray-achenia. Receptacle small and flat,
naked in the centre, chaffy at the margin; the chaff in a single series between
the ray and disk-flowers, distinct or united. Corolla of the disk infun-
dibuliform, 5-tootbed. Branches of the style in the disk-flowers with long
filiform hirsute appendages. Achenia somewhat hairy; those of the ray
obovoid-triangular, destitute of pappus; of the disk quadrangular-obcom-
pressed, tapering to the base, fully formed and ovuliferous, but apparently infertile,
with a pappus of 5-10 chafly and mostly awned scales.—Annual
slender (Californian) herbs; with rigid chiefly alternate narrowly linear or
subulate 1 -nerved leaves, with revolute margins; the floral ones (crowded
on the short branchlets and at the base of the heads, orfascicled in the axils
of the cauline leaves) usually terminated by a large, sessile or stipitate, ace-
tabuliform gland. Heads terminal or axillary. Corolla of the disk and ray
white : anthers dark brown.
The flowers are apparently white in all the species, not yellow, as stated by De
Candolle. The pappus is not mentioned in the generic character of the latter author;
whence Endhcher has incautiously introduced the phrase “ Pappus nullus.”
§ 1. Stem simple, strict: floral leaves tipped with a large saucer-shaped or
nail-headed gland: rays somewhat convolute, unequally and often deeply
2-cleft: teeth of the disk-corolla short, ovate.—E ucalycadenia.
1. C. truncata (D C .! a c .) : stem very glabrous; leaves slightly scabrous
; the upper cauline, as well as the fascicled floral ones, tipped with a
nearly sessile gland; heads terminal and axillary, subsessile, solitary, remote
; chaff of the receptacle truncate, scabrous on the back, distinct or
nearly so ; pappus of 7-10 oblong obtuse scales, incisely toothed at the apex,
several times shorter than the corolla or the slightly hairy disk-achenia.
California, Douglas !—Stem reddish, shining. Achenia of the ray glabrous,
somewhat rugose.
2. C. villosa (DC.! 1. c .) : stem hirsute with white hairs ; leaves setosehispid
towards the base ; the floral ones, as well as the scales of the involucre,
very villous below, mostly tipped with a stipitate gland; heads terminal
and axillary, remote, solitary, nearly sessile; chaff of the receptacle
acute, hairy towards the apex, often united; achenia villous; pappus of
about 10 rigid subulate-awned denticulate-scabrous scales, as long as the
disk-corolla.—Moolc. Am. ! hot. Beechey, suppl. p. 358.
California, Douglas !—Plant slender, about 10 inches high.
3. C. multiglandulosa (D C .! 1. c .): stem scabrous-puberulent and sparsely
hispid ; leaves sparsely setose-hispid; the upper cauline tipped with a
subsessile gland ; the floral ones crowded or fascicled on the very numerous
and short axillary branchlets (which bear solitary heads), the back and margins
above, as well as the apex, furnished with stipitate glands; scales of the
involucre and the united chaff of the receptacle acutish, beset with stipitate
glands; achenia glabrous; pappus of about 5 lanceolate subulate-awned
scales, and as many intermediate and shorter oblong and obtuse denticulate
scales. ■
California, Douglas !—Apparently the largest species ; 18 inches or more
in height. Cauline leaves 2 inches long. Rays short, very broad, convolute,
with a very short tube, deeply 3-lobed; the lobes mucronulate; the
middle one much smaller than the others.
4. C. cephalotes (D C .! 1. c .) : stem pubescent above ; the heads nearly
sessile and crowded at the summit, and sometimes solitary in the upper
axils ; leaves long and very slender, nearly glabrous, sparsely hispid-ciliate
towards the base; the lower sometimes opposite ; the floral few, tipped with
a nearly sessile gland, and towards the summit furnished, as are the scales of
the involucre and the mucronate-acute united chaff of the receptacle, with
smaller scattered stipitate glands; achenia sparsely villous; pappus of 5
rigid lanceolate-subulate and somewhat awned scales, about two-thirds the
length of the corolla, and as many intermediate and shorter lanceolate-oblong
obtuse scales.
California, Douglas!—Plant slender, 6-10 inches high. Leaves linear
VOL. II.— 51