Div. 2. Baldwinie*.—Receptacle very deeply alveolate; the corneous alveoli
(united chaff 1) enclosing the achenia. .Rays neutral.
129. Baldwjnia. Rays 20-30. Involucre in about 4 series. Alveoli of the
receptacle truncate. Head solitary.
130. A ctinospermcm. Rays 8-10. Involucre in about 2 series. Alveoli of the
receptacle subulate-toothed. Heads corymbose.
Div. 3. G alinsogeae.—Receptacle chaffy; the chaff distinct. Scales of the involucre
not enclosing the ray-achenia.
131. M arshallia. Rays none: disk-flowers numerous. Chaff narrow, rigid.
Scales of the pappus ovate or triangular-lanceolate, entire.
132. B lepharipappus. Rays and disk-flowers few. Chaff membranaceous.
Scales of the pappus pectinate-plumose.
Div. 4. M adieae.—Receptacle wholly or partly chaffy. Ray achenia destitute of
pappus, enclosed by the scales of the involucre.
* Achenia not compressed, but often obcompressed.
+- Heads many-flowered; the rays infertile 1
133. A chyrachjena. Pappus of 10 membranaceous obtuse scales in 2 series, the
inner large. Achenia striate, attenuate at the base.
+- +- Heads many-flowered; the flowers all (or nearly all) fertile.
134. L ayia. Pappus of 10-20 bristly awns, villous-plumose towards the base.
135. C allichroa. Pappus of 12-25 subulate serrulate-scabrous awns. Diskachenia
somewhat obcompressed, villous.
136. Oxydra. Pappus none. Achenia of the disk and ray glabrous, obovate,
obcompressed; the central infertile.
-i- -t- -t- Heads several-many-flowered; the disk-flowers infertile.
137. H emizonia. Rays 5-20. Achenia glabrous; those of the ray obovoid, gibbous,
somewhat obcompressed, partly enclosed by the involucral
scales. Pappus none, or of lacerate squamellse.
138. C alycadenia. Rays 3-5. Achenia mostly hairy ; of the ray obovoid-triangular,
partly enclosed by the involucral scales ; of the disk quadran-
gular-obcompressed, with a pappus of 5-10 lanceolate or subulate
often awned scales.
139. L agofhylla. Rays and disk-flowers each about 5. Achenia glabrous;
those of the disk abortive, destitute of pappus; of the ray obcompressed.
* * Achenia compressed, glabrous. Pappus ( except in Anisocarpus) none.
140. A nisocarpus. Rays about 12: disk-flowers numerous, with abortive ovaries,
and a pappus of 5-8 fimbriate-lacerate squamellse.
141. M adaria. Rays 10-15: disk-flowers numerous, with abortive ovaries. Receptacle
convex, fimbrillate-hirsute.
142. M adia. Rays 5-12: disk-flowers numerous, fertile. Receptacle glabrous.
143. A mida. Rays 1-2, or none; the disk-flowers 2-4, fertile. Achenia compressed
3-4- angular, slightly incurved.
144. H arp^ecarpcs. Rays 5-8; the disk-flower solitary, fertile. Ray-achenia
obovate-lunate, flat.
Div. 1. G a i l l a r d i e a : , DC. (excl. gen.)—Receptacle not chaffy, nor
very deeply alveolate. Rays fertile or neutral, or sometimes none.
Subdiv. 1. E u g ai l l a rdieze. — Branches of the style in the disk-flowers
long and filiform (nearly as in Eupatoriacese), hispid or glandular-pubescent.
115. GAILLARDIA. Fougeroux, in mem. acad. sci. Par. (1786) p. 5 ;
DC. prodr. 5. p. 56 ; Gay, in ann. sci. nat. (ser. 2) 1 1 . p . 57.
Galardia, Dam. (ill. t. 708), Michx., Nutt., Less.
Heads many-flowered, radiate; the ray-flowers neutral, in a single series,
deciduous. Scales of the involucre in about 3 series, very acute, foliaceous,
more or less callous and appressed or erect at the base, above spreading or
at length reflexed ; the exterior largest. Receptacle convex or hemispherical,
fimbrillate (the fimbrillse rigid or corneous and elongated), or in one species
nearly naked. Rays cuneiform, palmately 3-cleft or toothed at the
summit. Corolla of the disk with a short tube, and an elongated cylindra-
ceous somewhat inflated 5-toothed limb; the teeth usually subulate, and hispid
with jointed hairs. Branches of the style terminated with a very long and
acute filiform hispid appendage. Achenia obpyramidal, involucrate with
villous hairs. Pappus of 6-10 membranous 1 -nerved scales, the nerves produced
into awns about the length of the corolla.—Branching (North American)
herbs, with the habit of Scabiosa, more or less pubescent with jointed
hairs. Leaves alternate, mostly punctate with glandular or pellucid dots,
entire, sometimes toothed or lobed ; the lower ones often petioled, the upper
sessile. Heads on slender naked peduncles terminating the stem or
branches. Flowers of the disk violet, or sometimes yellowish. Rays yellow
or purple, often 2-colored, dotted with resinous globules, as also the style.
Anthers pale yellow.
* Pappus of the ray-flowers awned like that of the disk.
1. G. lanceolata (Michx.): biennial? puberulent; stem-usually branched;
the branches elongated ; leaves lanceolate or linear, entire or very sparingly
serrate or denticulate, ciliolate, mostly obtuse, mucronulate-acuminate; the
lower ones somewhat spatulate and slightly petioled, the upper sessile ; involucre
about the length of the disk, in about 2 series, neither callous nor
hirsute at the base; corolla of the disk with long and narrow subulate teeth;
chaff of the pappus (7-9) narrowly lanceolate ; the fimbrillce of the receptacle
minute abortive teeth, or none !—Michx. ! fl. 2. p. 142 ; Gay ! in ann. sci.
nat. 1. c. p. 63; not of DC. G. bicolor, Pursh, fl. 2. p. 572. (excl. syn.
Fouger., L ’Her. Sfc.); Nutt.! gen. 1 . p. 175; Ell. ! sic. 2. p. 449; Hook.!
compan. to hot. mag. 1 . p. 98. Leysera Caroliniana, Walt. Car. p. 211, ex
Pursh, (perhaps erroneously.)
/?. rays abortive or none.—Polypteris integrifolia, D C .! prodr. 5. p . 659,
excl. all the synonymy.
Dry pine woods and barrens, South Carolina! to Florida! Alabama!
Louisiana! Arkansas! and Texas! May-Aug.—Root certainly biennial,