rially differ from it. Another, the A. longifolius albiflorus, DC. (A.
eminens n. Nees, l. c. A. virgineus, Nees, synops.), has white rays, rarely
verging to reddish-violet, and more scabrous as well as broader leaves: from
this the A. eminens var. virgineus, Lindl. hot. reg. 1. 1656, is said to differ
in the coarsely serrate upper leaves, and the erect scales of the involucre.—
The plant varies from 2 to 5 feet high : the leaves, of a rather firm texture,
are pale and very smooth below, usually shining above and reticulated ; the
lower often 5 or 6 inches long, 3—7 lines wide, tapering to a long sharp point,
and also usually narrowed towards the base; either entire, or sparingly
serrate with sharp spreading teeth. The heads are barely middle-sized, but
showy : the rays light blue. The scales of the involucre in our plant, as in
several of the cultivated forms before us, are narrowly linear, loose, in
about 3 series, nearly equal; the long and slender green tips recurved-
spreading. Those of var. p. are more unequal, broader, more obtuse, loose,
but less spreading. Achenia minutely pubescent.—A. squarrulosus, Nees,
has apparently been derived from this species.
62. A . Elliottii: stem stout, v e r y smooth and glabrous, the upper portion
and the paniculate branches minutely and softly pubescent in decurrent
lines; leaves somewhat coriaceous, smooth beneath, more or less scabrous
above, serrate with appressed mucronulate teeth; the cauline ones oblong-
lanceolate or spatulate-laneeolate, somewhat acuminate, tapering into an
attenuate base (like a margined petiole), partly clasping but not dilated at
the insertion ; those of the branches short, spatulate, oblong, or oval-lanceolate,
serrulate; heads (middle-sized) corymbose-paniculate; scales of the obovate
involucre linear-subulate, somewhat equal, numerous, in about 3 series,
nearly the length of the disk, their summits usually spreading or recurved ;
rays numerous, slender.—A. puniceus, Ell. ! sic. 2. p . 255, (excl. spec, char.)
Margin of rivers, in the low country of Georgia and South Carolina,
Elliott! Miss Clay ! North Carolina, Mr. Ctoojii ! NLr. Curtis! Oct.—Nov.—
A stout plant, 2-3 feet high, with a somewhat angled stem, and numerous
often crowded and rather simple flowering branches; the heads either
racemed, or more commonly paniculate or corymbose at the s u m m i t .
Cauline leaves 4-6 inches long, an inch or less in width, of a rigid texture,
pale when dry, and not lucid, with a very strong midrib; those of the
branches small, much less tapering at the base, abruptly acuminate or
mucronate-acuminate, nearly all serrulate with sharp closely appressed
teeth. Scales of the involucre very narrow (narrower than in any state of
A. puniceus) and acute, somewhat ciliate, all similar. Rays long and
narrow, “ bright purple” (Ell.), in dried specimens appearing reddish-
purple or pink ; the disk-flowers apparently not changing to purple. Achenia
very slightly pubescent under a lens. Pappus tawny when old.—We
cannot ascertain that this species has been noticed by any author except
Elliott, who has in fact described it as a distinct species, under A. puniceus.
It should be placed between the latter and A. Novi-Belgii, which it more
nearly resembles in the foliage, while the involucre, rays, &c. are very
different. We have never observed the young leaves pubescent, as described
by Elliott.
63. A . puniceus (Linn.): stem hispid, stout, paniculate above; leaves
oblong-lanceolate, clasping by a more or less auriculate base, acuminate,
serrate in the middle with mucronate-acute mostly appressed teeth, scabrous
above, usually smooth and glabrous beneath (except the sometimes scabrous-
hispid midrib); heads (pretty large) racemose or paniculate towards the
summit of the leafy branches; scales of the involucre narrowly linear or
subulate-linear, acute, loose, equal, in about 2 series, as long as the disk,
more or less spreading; a few of the exterior (especially in the terminal
heads) often broader, more ioliaceous (linear-lanceolate) and bracteolate;
rays numerous, showy.—Lin n .! hort. Cliff, p. 408, Sf spec. 2. p. 875; Ait.
Kew. (ed. 1) 3. p. 208 ; Michx.! Jl. 2. p. 115; Willd. spec. 3. p. 2040 ;
Pursh! Jl. 2. p. 554; Hook.! jl. Bor.-Am. 2 .p. 10; Darlingt.! Jl. Cest. p.
465 ; DC .! prodr. 5. p. 236. A. Americanus latifolius, puniceis caulibus,
Herm. Luga. p. 649, t. 651. - A. hispidus & A. amoenus, Lam. diet. 1. p.
306, fide Michx. 8f Nees. A. altissimus, Mill. diet.—Varies; with the stem
(which is commonly purple, and densely hispid with rough and short spreading
pointed hairs,) sometimes rather hirsute with longer and softer hairs, and
sometimes more sparsely hispid or in lines, or below only hispid-scabrous :
in size, 3-6 feet high; or rarely 1-2 feet high (A. puniceus, var. demissus,
Lindl. hot. reg. 1.1636) : in the size of the heads equalling A. Novae-An-
glite, especially when scattered; or considerably smaller; frequently very
numerous and corymbose-paniculate: the leaves varying from rather narrowly
lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate or oblong, or the lower even obovate-
oblong ; either narrowed near the base, or cordate-clasping ; the teeth scattered
or more numerous, small, sometimes obscure, occasionally conspicuous
; their texture, when growing in shade, thin and then moderately scabrous
above; in exposed situations thicker, very scabrous above, and even
somewhat so beneath.
p. firmus: stem lower, stout, often angled, smooth and glabrous below,
towards the summit slightly hairy or hispid, either sparsely or in lines;
leaves moderately or slightly scabrous above ; exterior scales of the involucre
rather broader and more foliaceous; “ rays bluish-lilac.”—A. firmus,
Nees, Ast. p. 66 (v. sp. in hort. Berol.) ; DC. prodr. 5. p. 235, excl. syn.
Ell. ! A. vimineus, Lin d l.! in Hook. Jl. Bor.-Am. 1. c. in part. (Lake
Huron, Dr. Todd a Stem a little more hairy.)
■y. vimineus: stem smooth'and glabrous below; somewhat pubescent or
hispid in lines near the summit and along the branches; leaves lanceolate,
attenuate-acuminate, usually minutely and sparingly serrate towards the
middle, clasping by the auriculate base, more or less scabrous above, very
glabrous beneath ; exterior scales of the involucre rather broader and more
foliaceous.—A. vimineus, Willd. spec. 3. p. 2046, fide Nees, (not of Lam.) ;
Spreng. syst. 3. p. 538 (excl. syn.); Nees, Ast. p. 68 ; DC. 1. c .; Lindl. !
in herh. Torr.—Varies ; with the stem (pale or purple, often angled, usually
branching in a pyramidal or thyrsoid manner) either almost entirely glabrous,
or more or less hispid in lines, or even with scattered bristly hairs;
the branches all short, ascending (A. vimineus /3. Nees; leaves smooth
above); or the lower ones elongated; the leaves (mostly 4-6 inches long and
5-10 lines wide) sometimes nearly smooth above, &c.
Low grounds and swampy thickets, Canada! (from Hudson’s Bay) and
rather common throughout the Northern States! Sept.-Oct.—A wellmarked,
species, varying somewhat in appearance when it grows in wet
shady places. We are perfectly satisfied that A. firmus and A. vimineus of
Nees are only varieties or states of this species : the latter is a form which
the plant assumes in deep shade; and we have seen specimens with the
stem quite as hispid as in ordinary states of A. puniceus, and even with the
midrib beneath pubescent with the same kind of hairs. We also consider
the A. luxurians p. Lindl.! in Hook. jl. Bor.-Am. 1. c. (Canada, Mrs. Per-
cival!) to be a state of this species.—The leaves are ordinarily pretty large
and uniform. The rays are numerous, rather large, violet-purple, varying
in shade to pale lilac-blue; the disk turning purplish or brownish; the achenia
minutely and sparsely pubescent.
64. A . prenanthoides )Muhl.): stem pubescent or hirsute above mostly in
decurrent lines, paniculate-corymbose at the summit; leaves spatulate-lan-
ceolate or lanceolate-oval, incisely serrate in the middle with sharp spreading
teeth, conspicuously acuminate, tapering into a long narrow base like a
winged petiole, with a cordate-clasping insertion; the lower surface smooth,