whitish and somewhat cartilaginous smooth or ciliate-scabrous margin; the
lower ones mostly alternate, and tapering into a margined somewhat clasping
petiole, the uppermost much smaller, opposite, sessile; heads few ; scales of
the exterior involucre oblong-linear, obtuse, scarcely half the length of the
interior; rays narrowly cuneiform, 3-lobed, 3-4 times the length of the involucre;
achenia (immature) narrowly cuneiform-oblong, wingless, the margin
minutely ciliolate-hispid, crowned with 2 very short upwardly serrulate
awns.—Poir. suppl. 2. p. 252; DC.! prodf. 5. p. 570. C. CEmleri, Ell.
sk. 2. p. 436 ?
Carolina, Bose! Georgia, “ near the junction of Broad and Saluda Rivers,
Mr. CEmler,” ex Elliott. Near Columbus, Dr. Boykin! and on the banks
of Spring Creek, Decatur County, in the same State, Dr. Chapman!—@?
Stem 2-3 feet high. Lower leaves 3—5 inches long, with a petiole nearly
the same length, thick, rather acute at each end, with a conspicuous midrib,
obscurely feather-veined, varying in outline from ovate or oval to elongated
lanceolate; the upper shorter and often opposite, on short connate petioles;
the uppermost reduced to bracts, always opposite. Rays bright yellow,
nearly an inch long. Corolla of the disk dark purple at the summit.
Branches of the style, dark purple, terminated by a very obtuse or capitate
minutely hairy cone. Awns rather stout, scarcely one-fourth the length of
the immature aehenium.
§ 4. Branches o f the style truncate or terminated with a very obtuse cone:
achenia as in Coreoloma, or naked and wingless: exterior involucre small:
rays 2-5-toothed, rose-red: the dislc-fiowers light yellow: leaves alternate
or opposite, undivided, and entire.—-Cosmella.
25. C. nudata (Nutt.): glabrous; stem terete, dichotomously branched
above ; leaves few and remote, alternate, terete, subulate ; the lower elongated;
the upper very short; scales of the exterior involucre much shorter
than the interior; rays (rose-red) broadly cuneiform-obovate, crenately
3-5-toothed; achenia elliptical, surrounded with a narrow laciniately lacerate
wing, crowned with two short upwardly fimbriate-serrulate awns.—
Nutt.! gen. 2. p. 180, if in trans. Amer. phil. soc. Z. c. Calliopsis nudata,
Spreng. syst. 3. p. 611.
Near St. Mary’s, West Florida, Baldwin. Apalachicola, Dr. Chapman!
— 211 Stem 2-3 feet high, somewhat corymbosely branched, and bearing
3 to 6 or more showy heads on naked pedicels. Leaves, or rather petioles
without lamina, partly clasping at the base ; the lower ones (2- 3) about 6
inches long, subulate-filiform; the uppermost reduced to minute bracts.
Rays showy, about 8 lines long. Lobes of the corolla of the disk puberulent
internally. Anthers brownish. Branches of the style yellowish, terminated
by a short, pubescent, rather acute cone. Awns scarcely exceeding the wing
of the aehenium.—This plant resembles Cosmos in the color of the flowers,
and the section Coreoloma in the aehenium and style, dichotomously corymbose
heads, &c. The following species is a Calliopsis except in the color of
the flowers.
26. C. rosea (Nutt.): stem leafy, mostly branched ; leaves opposite, narrowly
linear, entire, obscurely 1-nerved, narrowed and slightly ciliate at the
base ; heads on short peduncles ; exterior involucre very small; rays (pale
red, rose-color, or sometimes white) oblong, slightly 3-foothed ; achenia oblong,
wingless, somewhat incurved when mature, and obscurely tuberculate
on the margins, crowned with an obscure truncate coroniform pappus.—
Nutt. ! gen. 2. p. 179, if trans. Amer. phil. soc. 1. c ,; Bigel. ! Jl. Bost. ed.
3. p. 338; Bart. Jl. Amer. Sept. t. 12. Calliopsis rosea, Spreng. syst.
3. p. 611.
Sandy or grassy swamps, from Plymouth, Massachusetts, M r . O a k e s !
M r . R u s s e ll! Nantucket, M r . T . A . G re en ! and Rhode Island, P r o f . B a ile y !
to New Jersey! and Georgia. July-Aug.— If Plant slender, 8-15 inches
high. Heads small. Appendages of the style (yellow) slightly capitate and
truncate.
C. trijida (Lam. ill. t. 704) is of unknown origin, and is unlike any North American
species.
C. flexicaulis (Raf.) : “ stem simple, flexuous ; leaves linear, thickened, the lower
ones attenuated, the upper ones opposite; flowers terminal, crown-flowered: flos-
cules 4-fid,” Raf. in med. repos, (hex. 2) 5. p. 361, (South New Jersey) is not likely
to be identified.
C. aspera (Pursh): 11 leaves lanceolate-linear, rough; the upper alternate, the
lower opposite; .stem one-flowered,” Pursh, Jl. 2. p. 570, is said to have been described
from a Maryland specimen in the Banksian herbarium; where, however, we
did not recognize the species.
C. acuta (Pursh, 1. c.) : “ leaves ovate-lanceolate, acute, denticulate, somewhat
hairy, alternate; flowers corymbose-paniculate,” which we were also unable to identify
in the Banksian herbarium, is perhaps Acdnomeris squarrosa.
C. alala (Pursh, 1. c.) is doubtless Verbesina Siegesbeckia.
P eramibcjs, Raf.—Under this name Rafinesque founded a genus in his Annals of
Nature (1820), which is chiefly characterized by having triangular naked achenia,
and the scales of the involucre alternately longer and shorter in a single series. It
was established on a Kentuckian plant, P. hirtus, which is Rudbeckia triloba! To
the genus he referred, somewhat doubtfully, several species which he had not seen,
viz: his own Coreopsis scabra of the FLorula Irudoviciana, the C. acuta, Pursh, and
the C. palmata, rosea and nudata of Nuttall, none of which accord with his
character.
Div. 4. B i d e n t i d e j e , L e s s ., D C .—Rays neutral, ligulate, or sometimes
wanting. Achenia obcompressed, or often tetragonal or terete, and
rostrate. Pappus of 2-4 (rarely 5-6) retrorsely barbed or scabrous hispid
awns.
102. COSMOS. Cav. ic. 1. p . 9, t. 14 8f 79 ; D C . p r o d r . 5. p . 606.
Heads many-flowered; the ray-flowers (about 8) neutral; those of the
disk tubular, perfect. Involucre double, each of 8-10 acute or acuminate
scales, more or less united. Receptacle flat; the chaff membranaceous, attenuate
acuminate. Corolla of the disk with a slender tube and a 5-toothed
limb. Anthers with a scarious cordate appendage. Branches of the style
thickened and very hairy or bearded at the summit, terminated by a subulate
cone. Achenia tetragonal or terete, attenuate or rostrate at the summit,
sometimes stipitate, crowned with 2-4 retrorsely barbed or scabrous-hispid
deciduous awns— Annual or perennial (mostly Mexican) branching herbs,
with opposite 1- 2-pinnatifid or divided leaves, the lobes mostly entire.
Heads on slender peduncles terminating the branches. Rays purple, violet,
or rose-color : disk-flowers yellow; the anthers brown.
1. C. ca u d a tu s (H. B. & K .): glabrous or slightly hairy; leaves petioled,
bipinnately parted ; the segments lanceolate, feather-veined, ciliate-scabrous,