serrulate-scabrous; those of the branches and branchlets gradually reduced
to subulate bracts resembling the exterior scales of the involucre. Rays
about 20, elongated, blue or purple ? Disk about 20-flowered. Achenia
glabrous to the naked eye, but clothed with a very minute appressed pubescence
under a lens. Pappus reddish-brown, not exceeding the innermost
scales of the involucre.—A very distinct species, remarkable for its exactly
turbinate involucre (5-6 lines long), which is very acute at the base, owing
to the short exterior scales : these are coriaceous and white, with very short
greenish tips.
* * * * * * * Heads (middle-sized or small) paniculate or racemose: scales of the
obovoid or campanulate involucre imbricated in several series (the exterior successively
shorter), commonly appressed, chartaceous or somewhat membranaceous, with short
green tips: achenia glabrous or slightly pubescent: radical and lowest cauline leaves
(large) cordate, with elongated naked or margined petioles; the upper oftenpetioled.—
Heterophylli, Nees.
+ Leaves entire, undulate, or slightly serrate: heads loosely paniculate or racemose
: rays usually bright blue or violet.
27. A . azureus (Lindl.): stem somewhat scabrous, racemose-compound
at the summit; the branches slender and rigid ; leaves scabrous; the radical
and lowest cauline ovate-lanceolate or ovate-oblong, cordate, somewhat
serrate, on long (naked or margined) often hairy petioles; the others lanceolate
or linear, acute at each end, sessile, mostly entire; those of the
spreading branches subulate, mostly very numerous and appressed ; involucre
broadly obconic, nearly the length of the disk; the scales closely
imbricated, narrowly-oblong or linear, abruptly acute ; achenia glabrous or
very slightly and sparsely hairy.—Lindl. ! in Hook, compan. to hot. mag. 1 .
p . 98, 8f in DC. prodr. 5. p . 244. A. Oolentangiensis, Riddell! synops.
jl. Western States, p . 55.
"Woods and prairies, of theWestern States ; from Western Louisiana, Dr.
Leavenworth ! Dr. Hale ! Missouri, Drummond ! Makato River (a tributary
of St. Peter’s), Mr. Nicollet! to Ohio, Dr. Riddell! Dr. Paddock! Dr.
Van Cleve ! and Fort Gratiot, Michigan, Dr. Pitcher ! Also Georgia, Dr.
Chapman! (a variety with more lax branches.) Aug.-Oct.—Stem 1-3 feet
high, rigid. Heads equalling or sometimes exceeding those of A. undulatus
in size ; the involucre between hemispherical and turbinate, nearly as broad
as long, and rather shorter than the pappus; the scales numerous, appressed,
white except the green rhombic or triangular tips, slightly pubescent. Rays
blue.—A well-marked species (“ appearing as if a hybrid between A.
rubricaulis and A. multiflorus,” Lindl., who described from imperfect specimens,
wanting the lower leaves), manifestly connecting this group with
the foregoing, with which it exactly accords in its involucre &c., remarkable
for its scabrous leaves; the lower 3-5 inches long (sometimes hairy beneath);
those of the branchlets reduced to short subulate bracts. The inflorescence
usually consists of a few racemose rigid (although slender) branches, somewhat
paniculate at the summit of the stem ; but in some large specimens
from Dr. Leavenworth, the stem is much racemose-compound, the rigid
primary branches often more than a foot in length ; and these, with the racemose
branchlets, all terminated by single heads and clothed with uniform
very short subulate leaves, so different from those of the stem, present a very
marked appearance.
28. A . Shortii (Hook.): stem slender, nearly glabrous, racemose-paniculate
at the summit; leaves glabrous and nearly smooth above, minutely
pubescent beneath, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, tapering to a sharp point;
the radical and cauline ones all more or less cordate and on naked (somewhat
hairy) petioles, entire or sparingly serrate, the veins loosely reticulated
beneath; those of the short pubescent branches small and sessile; heads
numerous and rather crowded; involucre campanulate, shorter than the
disk ; the scales closely imbricated, lanceolate-linear, rather obtuse ; achenia
glabrous.—H o o k .! (&f L in d l. !) j l . B o r.-Am . 2. p . 9 (note); R id d e ll!
synops. 1. c.
Cliffs and banks of streams, throughout Kentucky, D r . S h o r t! Sfc. and
Ohio, D r . R id d e ll! M r . S u lliv a n t! D r . P a d d o c k ! Sfc. Mountains of
Georgia, M r . B u c k le y ! Arkansas, N u tta ll ! Sept.-Oct.—A beautiful species
(deservedly dedicated to the well-known botanist who has so greatly
contributed to our knowledge of the plants of the Western States), 2 to 4 feet
high, remarkable for its lanceolate-cordate, petioled, often slightly falcate,
rather membranaceous leaves; which vary from 3 to 5 inches in length,
smooth and somewhat shining above, pale and puberulent (but scarcely, if
at all scabrous) beneath; the lower ones often serrate or toothed towards the
base; those of the branches oval or oblong, of the ultimate branchlets or
peduncles minute and subulate. Heads showy (usually larger than in A.
undulatus), racemose at the summit of the stem.or on the short branches,
often forming a thyrsus. Scales of the involucre appressed, minutely
pubescent, whitish, with oblong green tips. Rays violet-blue, lanceolate :
disk yellow, changing to purple. Pappus brownish or tawny.
29. A.jUndulatus (Linn., Ait.): pale with a close and cinereous often
scabrous pubescence ; stem paniculatq or racemose-thyrsoid at the summit;
leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate, somewhat tomentose-pubescent beneath and
scabrous above, acute, with the margins often undulate or slightly crenate-
serrate ; the radical and lowest cauline cordate, on slender slightly margined
petioles, which are usually dilated and clasping at the base; the others abruptly
contracted into a short broadly winged clasping petiole; the uppermost
cordate-clasping; those of the branchlets lanceolate or subulate; involucre
obovoid, nearly the length of the disk ; the scales linear, mostly acute,
pubescent, closely imbricated; achenia slightly pubescent, or at length glabrous.—
L in n . hort. Cliff, p . 408, Sf spec. (ed. 1 ) 2. p . 875? (not of ed. 2.);
A it. Kew. (ed. 1) 3. p . 206; “■Hoffm. p h y to g r. hi. p . 77. t. C. f . 1 ;”
Pursh, j l . 2. p . 551; Nees, A s t. p . 57; D a r lin g t.! j l . Cest. p . 464. A.
diversifolius, M ic h x .! j l . 2. p . 113; E l l . ! sk . 2. p . 361; B ig e l.! j l . Bost.
ed. 2. p . 312; D C .! p rodr. 5. p . 234. A. paniculatus, N u tt.! gen. 2. p .
156, not of A it. A. sagittifolius & A. scaber, E l l . ! 1. c. A. patens, B a r t,
compend. Jl. P h il. 2. p . 113. A. heterophyllus y. Nees, A s t. p . 55 ? A.
autumnalis & A, heteromallus, Wender. ? ex Nees. (The leaves vary in
size, from 1 to 3 or 4 inches ; in shape from broadly ovate to nearly lanceolate,
the radical often obtuse, the primordial roundish; and in pubescence,
being sometimes minutely and softly tomentose on both surfaces, and frequently
scabrous beneath as well as above.)
/3. stem strict; panicle simple ; the heads rather larger; cauline leaves
elongated oblong or lanceolate.
Dry woodlands, nearly throughout the United States ! ƒ?. Kentucky, D r .
S h o r t! Sept.-Oct.—Stem 1-3 feet high, often purplish ; the flower-branches
spreading, rather rigid, with very small (often subulate) leaves. Radical
and lower leaves remotely crenate or serrate, or, like the upper, merely undulate.
Heads middle-sized, loosely disposed on the branches in a somewhat
racemose manner, often unilateral, all pedicellate; or rarely somewhat
glomerate. Scales of the involucre nearly membranaceous, with oblong or
somewhat lanceolate green tips, acute or acuminate, ciliate. Rays pale violet
blue : disk yellow turning purple. Pappus becoming tawny or brownish.—
That the var. /?. is merely a peculiar state of this species, is evident
from connecting specimens. The original A. undulatus (L in n . hort. Cliff, ƒ)
is not A. patens, but we believe belongs to this species, which must in any