& macrophyllum, Pursh, Jl. 2. p. 504. H. Kalmii, Spreng. syst. 3. p.
646; Bigel.! Jl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 288; Torr.! compend.; not of Linn., Sjc.
H. Canadense? hirsutum? (but these are described from garden specimens,
which probably belong to H. Sabaudum or H. sylvestre,) helianthi-
folium, & Sabaudum /3. Canadense, Fred, in DC. prodr.—Varies as to
pubescence, the size and breadth of the leaves, &c.; and distinguishable,
but not definitely so, into the two following forms; the first or Northern
state nearly approaching the European; H. umbellatum the second, H. sylvestre,
Sabaudum, &c.
a. angustifolium : leaves varying from narrowly to broadly lanceolate.—
H. umbellatum, Richards, appx. Frankl. journ. ed. 2. p. 29 ; Hook. ! Jl.
Bor.-Am. 1. p. 300, excl. syn. H. Canadense (3. scabruum, Schweinitz! in
Long’s 2nd exped. appx. H. scabriusculum, Schweinitz! 1. c. H. ma-
cranthum, Nutt, in trans. Amer. phil. soc, (n. ser.) 7. p. 446.
/3. latifolium : leaves varying from oblong-lanceolate to lanceolate-ovate ;
the upper frequently somewhat cordate at the base.—H. macrophyllum,
Pursh, l. c. H. prenanthoides, Hook.! 1. c., excl. syn.
Dry soil in open places, from Massachusetts! and Western New York! to
Canada ! Lake Superior!! &c. (chiefly var. /3.); extending (var. a.) north to
lat. 66° on Mackenzie River, Richardson! Drummond! and west to Oregon,
Nuttall! July-Aug.—Stem 1-2 feet high, stout, either slightly pubescent,
or glabrous below and seabrous-puberulent above, the peduncles downy ; or
else hirsute, with the downy peduncles sparsely hispid with brownish bristles
: the close downy pubescence stellate; the bristly hairs denticulate-
scabrous under a lens. Heads pretty large : the involucre either glabrous,
slightly pubescent, or sometimes sparingly beset with bristly and somewhat
glandular hairs. Leaves thickish and roughish when the plant grows in
exposed situations, rather thin and smooth when in shade.
§ 2. Involucre cylindrical; the inner scales in a single series ; the others few
and short, calyculate: achenia columnar or fusiform ! (heads small, 20-30-
Jlowered : bristly hairs when present scabrous-serrate or denticulate under
a lens.)—S t enotheca, Monnier. (Stenotheca & species of Hieracium,
Monnier. Species of Aracium, Neck. ? Less.)
* Natives of Eastern North America.
5. H. scabrum (Michx.): stem rather stout, leafy, scabrous, hirsute or
hispid below; the flexuous panicle simple or compound, at first racemose,
but at length somewhat fastigiate-corymbose ; leaves obovate, oval, or spatu-
late-oblong, often denticulate, mucronate, hirsute ; the upper closely sessile ;
the thickish peduncles, with the rachis and the base of the somewhat cam-
panulate many- (40-50-) flowered involucre cinereous-tomentose and densely
glandular-hispid; achenia columnar, not attenuated at the summit!—
Michx.! jl. 2. p. 86 ; Pursh, jl. 2. p. 504 ; Monnier, l. c. p. 31 ;
Fred.! in DC. 1. c. H. Marianum, Willd. l.c. (herb.!) in p a rt; Ell. 1. c. ;
Bigel. Jl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 288 (at least in part). H. Gronovii /?. Hook.! jl.
Bor.-Am. 1. c.
Borders of woods, &c., from Northern Canada ! to Missouri! Kentucky !
and the upper part of Georgia! common in the Northern States!—Aug.-
Sept.—Stem 1-3 feet high, rough. Upper surface of the leaves hispid or
hirsute with scattered bristly hairs, arising from a brownish dilated base.
Heads larger than in H. Gronovii, and with more numerous flowers than
any other species of this section. The whole panicle is remarkably stiff
(the short peduncles divaricate), and thickly beset with brownish glandu-
liferous hairs, as well as with a close tomentum.
6. H. longipilum (Torr.): stem virgate, simple, very leafy towards or near
the base, naked and somewhat glabrous towards the summit, bearing a small
racemose panicle ; the lower portion, and both sides of the oblong-lanceolate
or spatulate-lanceolate entire leaves densely clothed throughout with very long
and strict slender bristles; the spreading at length subcorymbose peduncles,
with the 20-30-flowered involucre, cinereous-pubescent or tomentose and
glandular-hispid; achenia fusiform, attenuated at the summit!—Torr.! in
Hook. jl. Bor.-Am. 1 . p. 298. (note under H. Scouleri, 1833.) H. barbatum,
Nutt. ! in jour. acad. Philad. 7. p. 70 (1834), Sfin trans. Amer. phil. soc.
l. c. ; not of Lois., or of Tausch.
Prairies and open woods, from Michigan! to Illinois! Missouri! and
Arkansas ! extending nearly to the Rocky Mountains, according to Nuttall.
July-Sept.—Stem 15-30 inches high, very strict. Leaves 3-6 inches long,
an inch or less in width, tapering to the base, mostly sessile; the uppermost
reduced to bracts. Inflorescence nearly as in H. scabrum ; the heads smaller
than in that species, but larger than is usual in H. Gronovii. Scales of the
involucre subulate. Achenia scarcely as much attenuated above as in H.
Gronovii. The bristly hairs which so remarkably distinguish this plant, which
are either whitish or brownish, are all ascending, not shaggy, but straight and
even; as if combed, and are frequently an inch in length ! They are slightly
dilated or papilliform at the base, and are denticulate under a lens, as in all
the species of this section.—We should not have deemed it proper to restore
the name under which this singular plant was first indicated, though not fully
described, were it not probable that the H.-'barbatumof Tausch and Reichen-
bach will continue a distinct species, and necessarily retain that name.
7. H. Gronovii (Linn.): stem virgate, leafy and very hirsute below,
naked and minutely pubescent towards the summit, forming an elongated1
panicle; leaves entire or denticulate, mucronulate, pale, villous-hirsute,
especially along the midrib beneath and the margins; the radical and lower
cauline oblong-obovate or spatulate ; the upper oval or oblong, closely sessile
or partly clasping ; the slender peduncles and the base of the involucre more
or less hispid with glanduliferous hairs ; achenia fusiform and almost rostrate f
—Linn. ! spec. 1. c., as to pi. Gronov.; Michx.! fl. 2. p. 87 (ƒ?. foliosum);
Pursh, jl. 2. p. 503 ; Ell. sk. 2. p. 263 ; Hook. ! jl. Bor.-Am. 1 . p. 298 (var.
a. ) ; not of herb. Linn., Willd., Frcel. in DC., Sfc. H. foliis rad. obverse
ovatis, &c., Gronov.! fl. Virg.p. 114. H. Marianum Pulmonariaa Gallic»
folio, Pluk. mant. p. 102, t. 420,f l 2. H. Marianum, Willd. spec. 3. p. 1572
(at least partly!); Frcel.! in DC. 1. c .; Nutt.! in trans. Amer. phil. soc.
1. c. p. 446. Stenotheca Mariana, Monnier, Hier. p. 72, t.2 ,f. A.
| J. subnudum : stem slender, with one or few leaves near the base, naked
and often glabrous above.—H. subnudum, Frcel. 1. c. ? (herb. DC. ! partly.)
Stenotheca subnuda, Monnier, l. c. t. 2. f . A, no. 5 (fruit).
y. hirsutissimum: stem (except the summit) and leaves strongly hirsute
with very long shaggy hairs, arising from small papillas.
Drv sterile soil, common from Canada! to F lorida! Louisiana ! Arkansas!
and Texas! , y. Southern and Western States! July-Sept.—The narrow
and elongated panicle, the hairy base of the stem, and the achenia tapering
so that they might be termed rostrate, abundantly distinguish the depauperate
forms of this species from H. venosum. The more robust states have
often been confounded with H. scabrum.—From Tampa Bay, Florida, we
have a specimen of what appears to be a variety of this species, with the
pappus pure white when young, agreeing therefore in every respect with the
character of Crepis.
8. H. venosum (Linn.) : stem or scape naked or with a single leaf, glabrous,
slender, several times dichotomous, forming a diffuse compound
corymb (the divisions subtended by a subulate bract); radical leaves obovate