/?. Texas, Drummond! July-Sept.—Stem slender, 1 to 3 feet high, nearly
leafless, except towards the base. Lower leaves 3-5 inches long, 1-2 broad,
usually roughish-pubescent or hirsute beneath; the petioles 5-8 inches long.
Rays 12-15, nearly an inch in length. Chaff of the receptacle nearly glabrous,
somewhat 3-toothed at the summit, acute. Achenia hairy towards the
summit and along the angles. Pappus of 2 lanceolate-subulate awns.—
Resembles H. heterophyllus, Nutt., but an entirely distinct species, with a
yellow disk. The leaves of the Texan specimens are more coriaceous, and
appear glabrous to the naked eye and nearly smooth to the touch; but under
a lens they are observed to be clothed with very fine and short appressed
hairs.
14. H. cinereus: clothed with a close somewhat scabrous and cinereous
pubescence; stem somewhat naked above; leaves ovate-oblong, acutish,
appressed, serrulate, contracted at the base, sessile; the lowermost narrowed
into a winged petiole ; peduncles slender; scales of the involucre lanceolate,
canescent; immature achenia villous at the summit.
/3. ? Sullivantii: larger and more branched ; stem scabrous-hirsute;
leaves obscurely serrate, acute, the uppermost often alternate.
Texas, Drummond ! (3. Near Columbus, Ohio, Mr. Sullivant!—Stem
2—3 feet high, virgate, sometimes a little branched, bearing few heads nearly
as large as those of H. mollis. Leaves rigid, somewhat triplinerved, veiny,
clothed with a fine strigose pubescence, which is cinereous on the lower, but
more scabrous on the upper surface : the lowest leaves 3-5 inches long, including
the narrowed base or petiole ; the upper small and remote. Chaff
of the receptacle pubescent and more or less 3-toothed at the apex; the
middle lobe acuminate. Young achenia villous at the summit (under a
lens), and somewhat so on the angles, v
15. H. mollis (Lam.) : stem villous f leaves ovate or lanceolate-ovate,
acuminate, with a somewhat cordate and clasping base, serrulate or entire,
cinereous-pubescent and slightly scabrous above, tomentose-canescent and
reticulated beneath; scales of the involucre lanceolate, villous-canescent;
mature achenia nearly glabrous.—Lam. ! diet. 3. p. 81 ; DC. ! prodr. 5. p.
587; not of Willd. Sfc. H. canescens, Michx.! Jl. 2. p . 140. H. pubes-
cens, Willd. ! spec. 3. p. 2240 (excl. syn. Vahl.); Dot. reg. t. 524 ; E ll .!
sk. 2. p. 418; Hook.! comp, to bot. mag. l.jp. 98.
Barrens and dry prairies from Ohio ! Indiana! and the western part of
Georgia! to Missouri ! Louisiana! and Texas! Aug.-Sept.—A well
marked, canescently villous species, 2-4 feet high, simple or sparingly
branched at the summit, bearing rather large showy heads on stout peduncles.
Leaves all closely sessile, broadest at or near the more or less cordate
base, 3 to 6 inches long, often with both surfaces canescent, or the upper
slightly scabrous, the lower very soft. Scales of the hemispherical involucre
either broadly or narrowly lanceolate, acute or acuminate, somewhat unequal.
Rays 15-25, an inch long. Chaff of the receptacle entire, the triangular
summit canescent. Pappus of 2 lanceolate pointed chaffy scales,
somewhat fringed.
* * * * * perennial: heads middle-sized: rays 8-24: involucre irregularly imbricated;
the scales loose, or with squarrose-spreading often foliaceous summits, as long as
the yellow disk (achenia glabrous).—Corona-solis.
f Leaves commonly alternate or scattered, the lower often opposite, feather-veined,
sometimes obscurely triplinerved.
16. H. Nuttallii : stem smooth; leaves alternate, the lower opposite, narrowly
lanceolate-linear, acute, mostly entire, scarcely petioled, both sides
scabrous; scales of the involucre lanceolate-subulate, hirsute-eiliate towards
the base ; pappus of 2 linear-lanceolate chaffy awns or scales.—H. Califor-
nicus, N u tt.! in herb. a c a d . P h ila d . fy c ., not of D C .
Plains of Lewis River, N u t ta l l !—Stem apparently strict and simple.
Leaves 4-6 inches long, 3-5 lines wide, feather-veined, obscurely triplinerved
near the base, somewhat cinereous beneath ; the lower remotely and
slightly serrate. Heads nearly as large as in H. giganteus. Involucre
clothed with whitish hairs, or often smoothish. The disk-corolla is 5-nerved,
or with intermediate nerves corresponding with the axis of 2 only of the la-
cinise, but not reaching the apex.
17. H. Californicus (DC.) : stem tall, smooth, loosely paniculate; upper
leaves alternate, remote, elongated lanceolate, entire, attenuate at the base,
acuminate, slightly ciliate, both sides scabrous, triplinerved ; peduncles scabrous
; scales of the involucre linear-sublanceolate, a little longer than the
disk, squarrose-spreading, roughish-puberulent; achenia glabrous, 2-awned.
D C . ! p ro d r. 5. p . 589.
California, D o u g la s !—We can add little to De Candolle’s character, except
that the upper leaves (the lower not seen) are slightly petioled, obscurely
triplinerved near the base, 3-5 inches long, one-half to an inch wide:
heads larger than in H. giganteus; the rigid scales of the involucre nearly
equal, not ciliate, very acute : pappus of 2 broadly-lanceolate somewhat
fringed scales, tapering into ah awn-like point.
18. H. M a x im ilia n i (Schrad.): stem strigose-scabrous, branched ; leaves
alternate (those of the branches sometimes opposite), lanceolate, entire or
nearly so, tapering to each end, acuminate, very scabrous and often canes-
cent-strigose on both sides, the lower petioled ; scales of the involucre lanceolate
subulate, much attenuate, strigose-canescent; pappus of 2 lanceolate
slightly fringed chaffy scales.—S ch ra d . in d . sem. liort. Gostt. 1835 ; D C .
p r o d r . 7. p. 290.
Prairies, Missouri, P r in c e N eu -w ie d . (v. sp. cult.) M r . K e a t in g ? in herb.
Schwein. ! Texas, D rum m o n d!—A stout branching plant, bearing numerous
heads fully as large as those of H. giganteus; the leaves equally rough
on both sides; the canescent and numerous much attenuated scales of the
involucre sometimes three-fourths of an inch long. In the wild specimens,
we sometimes observe two nerves near the axis of some of the lacinias of the
disk-corolla.
19. H. giganteus (Linn.): stem roughish-hirsute or scabrous; leaves alternate
or scattered (the lowest opposite), lanceolate, acuminate, serrate, very
scabrous above, pilose-scabrous beneath, narrowed and ciliate at the base,
subsessile; scales of the involucre linear-lanceolate, acuminate, hirsute or
strongly villous-ciliate ; pappus of 2 short lanceolate-subulate (slightly
fringed) chaffy scales.—Linn.! spec. 2. p. 905 (excl. syn. Gronov.); A it .!
Kew. {ed. 1) 3. p. 249 ; Willd.! spec. 3. p. 2242 ; Pursh, jl. 2. p. 571; E ll.!
sk. 2. p. 426 ; Hook.! Jl. Bor.-Am. 1 . p. 312 ; Darlingt. ! Jl. Cest. p. 484 ;
DC. ! prodr. 5. p. 589. H. altissimus, {Linn. spec. ed. 2. p. 1278 1) Jacq.
hort. Vindob. 2. t. 162 ; Willd. 1. c. H. virgatus, Lam. diet. 3.p. 85. H.
gigas, Michx. Jl. 2. p. 141 ? Chrysanthemum Virginianum, See., Moris,
hist. 3. t. 7, ƒ. 66 8f 67; Pluk. aim. t. 159,/. 5. (Varies with the leaves
nearly all alternate, or sometimes irregularly ternately verticillate.)
/?. ambiguus: leaves nearly all opposite and closely sessile, obtuse or
rounded at the base!
Thickets and borders of marshes, from Canada! and Saskatchawan! to
Kentucky ! and the mountainous portion of the Southern States! /3. Copses,
near Brooklyn, Long Island! Aug.-Oct.—Stem 3-10 feet high, branched
above, corymbose-paniculate at the summit, smooth or nearly so towards
the base. Leaves 2-5 inches long, half an inch to an inch broad, copiously