the habit of Coreopsis. Leaves alternate, pinnately and bipinnately parted ;
the rachis and segments linear. Heads showy, solitary, terminating the
terete and naked summit of the stem or branches. Flowers of the (large)
ray and of the disk golden yellow.
A . calliopsidea (D C .! 1. c.)—Hook. 8f A m . ! hot. Beechey, suppl. p. 352.
California, Douglas!—A very pretty plant, a foot or more in height; the
bright golden rays about 8 lines long, crenulate at the summit. The chaff
which subtends each fertile flower is confluent at the base with the obtuse
callus of the achenium, and therefore necessarily deciduous with i t : the exterior
surface of the latter, which is covered with the chaff, is perfectly glabrous.
The twosquamellae of the pappus are longer than the achenium, and
are minutely striate, and obscurely denticulate, with a rigid axis, much in
the manner of Palafoxia & c.; so that in this respect it accords with Hele-
niese ; but its affinities are with Coreopsis, in which the section Leachia has
a similar although much smaller pappus.
101. COREOPSIS. Linn. gen. no. 981 (excl. spec.) ; Schkuhr, handb. t. 260.
Coreopsis, Chrysostemma, & Calliopsis. Less., DC. 4-.
Heads many-flowered ; the ray-flowers about 8 (wanting in one or two species),
neutral; those of the disk tubular, perfect. Involucre double, each of
about 8 (6- 12) scales ; the exterior foliaceous, narrower and sometimes more
numerous, usually more or less spreading ; the interior broader and often
rather membranaceous. Receptacle flat or somewhat convex, chaffy; the
chaff membranaceous, mostly deciduous with the fruit. Corolla of the disk
with a slender tube, and an infundibuliform or campanulate 5-toothed limb.
Branches of the style hairy at the summit, and terminated with an acute conical
or subulate appendage, or truncate, or obtuse. Achenia obcompressed,
not rostrate or tapering at the summit, often winged, 2-awned, 2-toothed, or
somewhat 2-squamellate, or sometimes naked at the summit; the teeth or
awns usually denticulate or hispid upwardly, but never downwardly.—Herbaceous
(American) plants, with opposite or sometimes alternate divided or
undivided leaves. Heads terminating the branches, solitary or corymbose.
Rays (many-nerved) usually yellow: the corolla of the disk yellow or dark
purple at the summit. Anthers blackish.
§ 1. Branches of the style terminated by an acute cone, or an abrupt subulate
appendage : corolla of the ray and disk (with one or two exceptions) yellow.
— E u c o r e o p s i s .
* Achenia wingless, cuneate-ollong, \-ridged on each, side, not incurved, 2- (rarely somewhat
3-4-) toothed or owned: chaff deddnious with the fruit: scales of the exterior involucre
distinct, foliaceous, often numerous and irregular, reflexed: rays (rarely wanting)
obovate-oblong, obtuse, entire or nearly so: leaves opposite, petioled, mostly ter-
nately or pinnately divided or lobed; the segments serrate, very veiny in the manner
of Bidens; the primary veins often running to the sinuses.—Diodonta, Nutt.
These plants entirely accord with Bidens § Platycarpsea, except that the awns or
teeth of the achenia are not retrorsely barbed, and are often nearly wanting. We do
not find sufficient characters to warrant their separation from Coreopsis; but if this
be done, they might with more propriety be joined to Bidens (at least to the broad-
fruited section), than erected into a distinct genus, as proposed by Nuttall.
t Rays none.
1 . C.discoidea: glabrous; stem erect or ascending, diffusely branched;
leaves on long petioles, ternately divided ; the divisions ovate-lanceolate,
acuminate, mostly petiolulate, coarsely serrate, the teeth mucronulate ; the
uppermost often simple ; heads (small) somewhat paniculate-corymbose at
the extremity of the branches, on very short peduncles; exterior involucre of
3-5 foliaceous linear or spatulate bracts, usually much longer than the heads;
scales of the inner involucre appressed ; achenia narrowly cuneiform-oblong
or linear cuneiform, hairy; the awns or teeth erect, upwardly hispid, about
the length of the corolla.—Bidens ? aff. frondosa, Sullivant ƒ cat. pi. Columb.
p . 30 4- 37.
Wet places and swamps, Columbus, Ohio, Mr. Sullivant! Feliciana,
Louisiana, Dr. Carpenter ! Western Louisiana, Dr. Hale ! Texas, Drummond!
Virginia, Mr. Rugel ! July-Sept.—(1) ? Stem 1-2 feet high.
Lower leaves sometimes undivided. Mature heads 3 or 4 lines long. Exterior
involucre sometimes an inch long. Awns sometimes one-fourth or
even one-third the length of the achenium, but. often very much shorter, even
in the same individual.—This plant has exactly the appearance and structure
of a Bidens § Platycarpsea, except that the awns are hispid upwardly.
2. C. bidentoides (Nutt, under Diodonta): dwarf, diffusely branched, nearly
glabrous; leaves lanceolate-linear, incisely toothed, tapering into a petiole •
exterior involucre of 3 or 4 linear foliaceous scales often longer than the
(small) heads; the inner 5-6, membranaceous, with colored (yellow) tips;
awns slender, upwardly hispid, much longer than the corolla or the linear-
oblong hispid (immature) achenium.—Diodonta (§ ? Heterodonta) bidentoides,
Nutt.! in trans. Amer. phil. soc. (n. ser.) 7. p. 361.
Near Philadelphia, Nuttall!—Founded on a single specimen of somewhat
uncertain origin, with the aspect of a dwarf Bidens cernua : the small heads
rather few-flowered ; the long awns exserted: the intermediate angles sometimes
with shorter awns. There appear to be no rays ; what have been so
described being the somewhat dilated and exserted yellow summits of the
linear-oblong membranaceous chaff.
t t Heads radiate.
3. C. aurea (Ait.) : glabrous or nearly so ; stem striate; lower leaves 1-2-
pinnately 3-5-divided; the upper 3-divided or sometimes simple; the divisions
lanceolate, sharply or incisely serrate; heads paniculate ; scales of the
exterior involucre (mostly 8) linear-spatulate, slightly ciliate, not longer than
the interior; achenia cuneiform or obovate-cuneiform, nearly glabrous, ciliate
towards the summit, crowned with 2 short and triangular concave and somewhat
chaffy teeth, or obscurely 4-toothed by the production of the intermediate
angles, or with a somewhat coroniform pappus, from the confluence of
the very short or obsolete teeth.—A it.! Kew. (ed. 1) 3. p. 252. C. coronata
Linn. spec. (ed. 2) 2. p. 1281 ? (excl. syn. Plum. 4' Vaill.) ; Walt, t Car.
p. 215. Diodonta aurea & D. mitis, Nutt, in trans. Amer. phil. soc.
(n. ser.) 7. p. 360.
a. subintegra: upper leaves mostly 3-divided, with the lateral divisions
short and small; or the uppermost frequently simple, lanceolate, elongated
petioled, sharply serrate, or entire towards the tapering apex__C. aurea'
A it.! l.c., not of Lindl. C. arguta, Pursh ! fi. 2. p."567. C. ambigua'
Nutt. ! in jour. acad. Philad. 7. p. 75.
p. leptophylla : cauline leaves pinnately 3-5-divided ; the terminal divi