2. STOKESIA. L'Her. sert. Angl. p. 27 ; DC. in ann. mus. Par. 16. p.
154, Sf prodr. 5. p. 71; Cass. diet. 51. p. 64.
Heads many-flowered ; the exterior flowers much larger and assuming the
form of a ray. Involucre subglobose, bracteate at the base, imbricated in
several series, appressed; the exterior scales with a somewhat spreading fo-
liaceous ciliate-spinulose appendage ; the inner oblong, somewhat ciliate.
Receptacle fleshy, naked. Corolla palmate, sprinkled with resinous globules
; the marginal ones much deeper cleft within. Anthers included.
Branches of the style semi-subulate. Achenia short, 4-sided (rarely 3-sided),
glabrous, terminated with a broad quadrangular areola. Pappus of 4-5
elongated rather rigid awn-like (white) chaffy scales, deciduous.—An erect
somewhat branching perennial herb; with a tomentose stem, and large heads,
resembling a Carthamus or Centaurea, terminating the branches. Leaves
alternate, oblong-lanceolate, glabrous or slightly glaucous, minutely glandular
punctate, entire; the uppermost sessile and serrate-spinulose near the
somewhat dilated base ; the lower tapering into a margined petiole ; the in-
volucrate bracts resembling the upper leaves. Flowers blue, showy.
S. cyanea (L’H e r.! 1. c.)—A it.! Kew. (ed. 2) 4. p « 491; D C .! 1. c.
“ Carthamus laevis, Hill, Kew. 57. t, 5.” C. Carolinianus, Mickx.! in herb,
mus. Par. Cartesia centauroides, Cass, in bull, philom. 1816, p. 198.
S. Carolina, “ introduced into England by Mr. James Gordon about the
year 1766.” Hort. Kew. “ Georgia, Mr. T a tn a llin herb. Nutt.! Covington,
Louisiana, Drummond!—This is one of the rarest plants of the United
States. It is, or recently has been, cultivated in Mr. Buist’s garden at Philadelphia.
The plant collected by Drummond is inadvertently called Centaurea
Americana, in the account of his United States collections, in Camp,
to hot. mag. 1. p . 48.
3. ELEPHANTOPUS. Linn. ; Geertn.fr. t. 165; Kndl. gen. p. 362.
Heads 3-5-flowered, aggregated into terminal or axillary glomerules ; the
flowers all equal and similar. Involucre compressed ; the scales about 8, in
2 series, dry, oblong, alternately plane and conduplicate; the interior usually
3-nerved. Receptacle naked or obscurely alveolate. Corolla palmate (one
of the sinuses being more deeply cleft than the others); the segments acuminate.
Filaments smooth. Branches of the style semi-suhulate. Achenia
oblong, somewhat compressed, many-ribbed, hairy. Pappus in one or two
rows of several chaffy bristles, dilated at the base.—Erect perennial herbs,
with alternate mostly sessile feather-veined leaves. Corolla violet-purple.
§ Pappus in a single series; the bristles straight and equal: glomerules terminating
the branches, somewhat corymbed, involucrate.—E l e p h a n t o p u s ,
Cass., Less., DC.
1. E. Carolinianus {Willd.): stem hairy, corymbosely branched above;
leaves somewhat hairy and scabrous; the radical ones ovate or obovate-ob-
long, crenate-serrate, tapering into a long margined petiole ; the cauline oblong
or lanceolate; the floral ones ovate-oblong, or cordate-ovate (usually
longer than broad).— Willd. spec. 3. p. 2390 (excl. sy n .); Nutt.! gen.
2. p. 187; Ell. s/c. 2. p. 480 ; Less, in Linneea, 4. p. 324 ; DC. ! prodr.
5. p. 86. E. scaber, Michx.! Jl. 2. p. 148; not of Linn., except as to syn.
Gronov.
In dry soil, Pennsylvania! to Florida! and Louisiana! July—Sept.—
Stem about 2 feet high. Leaves membranaceous; some of the floral leaves
often oblong, and longer than the glomerules.
2. E . tomentosus (Linn.): stem hirsute, nearly naked, simple, sparingly
dichotomous and corymbose at the summit; leaves villous-tomentose beneath,
hirsute-pubescent above ; the radical ones large, obovate or oblong-spatulate,
obtuse, crenate, narrowed at the base, sessile ; the floral ones broadly ovate
or cordate ; scales of the involucre rigid.—Linn. ! spec. ed. 1. p. 814, Sf ed.
2.p. 1314, excl. syn. Browne ; Pursh,Jl. 2. p. 582 ; Less. 1. c. p. 326. E.
nudicaulis, Ell. sfc. 2. p. 481 ; Poir. suppl. 2. p. 543 ; Hook, compan. to
hot. mag. 1 . p. 96; DC.! 1. c. E. Carolinianus /?. simplex, Nutt. gen.
2. p. 187.
S. Carolina! to Florida! Alabama! Louisiana! and Arkansas! Ju ly -
Sept.—Stem 1-2 feet high, naked, or sometimes with a single leafbelow, resembling
the radical ones, and a small lanceolate leaf at each bifurcation of
the corymb; the floral leaves very broad, about the length of the glomerules,
villous-tomentose, or somewhat silky. Glomerules large. Heads
larger, and the scales more pubescent and rigid than in the preceding species.
—This is the original E. tomentosus of Linnaeus, as appears from the specimen
of Clayton. It is more nearly allied to E. scaber than to E. Carolinianus,
and Hooker thinks it is identical with the East Indian species. We
know not how it is to be distinguished from that species, except by its larger
and usually broader tomentose leaves, and more hairy involucre; and we
have received from Western Louisiana a plant which exactly accords with
the East Indian E. scaber.
3. E . scaber (Linn.) : stem somewhat dichotomous or corymbose above,
more or less hirsute; leaves somewhat pubescent or hairy and scabrous ; the
radical ones cuneiform-spatulate or oblanceolate, crenulate, tapering to the
base, often petioled; the cauline few and small, lanceolate; the floral ones
cordate-ovate, hairy.—Linn. 1. c- excl. syn. Gronov. Sfc. (Dill. Elth. t. 106) ;
Less. 1. c. ; DC. ! prodr. 5. p. 86.
Near Alexandria, Louisiana, Dr. Hale!—Stem slender, 12-18 inches
high, with only 2 or 3 very small cauline leaves; the radical ones about 6
inches long, an inch or a little more in width towards the summit, slightly
scabrous and pubescent. Glomerules small.—The plant exactly accords
with specimens from China and the peninsula of India. We can make little
use of Lessing’s character derived from the venation of the floral leaves
and scales of the involucre.
Subtribe 2. P ectidf.2E, Less.—Heads radiate. Branches of the style in
the perfect flowers obtuse.—Leaves usually opposite. Flowers of the xan-
thic series (mostly yellow).
4. XANTHISMA. DC. prodr. 5. p. 94.
Heads many-flowered; the ray-flowers (neutral ? or pistillate ?) entire;
those of the disk perfect. Involucre hemispherical; the scales imbricated,
appressed, coriaceous, nearly oval, very obtuse. Receptacle fimbrillate;
the fimbrill* lacerate, about the length of the achenium. Corolla of the disk