13. S. puberula (Nutt.): very minutely puberulent; stem simple; cau-
line leaves lanceolate, acute, tapering to the base, sessile, mostly entire; the
lower oblanceolate and somewhat serrate; the lowest and radical oblong-
spatulate, serrate towards the apex, petioled; heads (middle-sized) in numerous
compact erect-spreading racemes (often compound), forming an elongated
or sometimes thyrsiform panicle; scales of the involucre linear-subulate,
appressed; rays about 10, elongated ; achenia nearly glabrous.—Nutt.! gen.
2.p . 162 ; Darlingt. ! Jl. Cest. p. 459 ; DC. f prodr. 5. p. 333. S. pubes-
cens, E ll.! sic. 2 .p. 381 ; DC. 1. c.
Sandy woods &c. mostly in damp soil, Maine (Mr. Oakes !) and Massachusetts!
New Jersey ! &c. to Georgia ! Aug.—Oct.—Stem 2—4 feet high,
strict, often purplish. Leaves thin, soft to the touch from the minute pubescence,
which is scarcely visible to the naked eye, somewhat veiny; the
radical ones 3-6 inches long, including the slender winged petioles, obtuse ;
the lower cauline 2—3 inches long and 6—8 lines wide, gradually diminishing
upwards. Racemes very numerous, either short and disposed in a long and
dense virgate compound raceme, or narrow panicle; or with the lower racemes
elongated, and either simple or compound, forming a more expanded
panicle. Heads about 28-flowered : rays golden yellow. Achenia very
minutely pubescent under a lens, glabrous or nearly so when mature.
14. S. confertiflora (DC.): herbaceous, glabrous, viscous; stem simple,
leafy to the thvrsus; leaves oval-lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, serrate at
the apex, entire helow, tapering (particularly of the lower ones) into long petioles;
heads 8-14-flowered, very much crowded in a spiciform thyrsus;
scales of the involucre linear, erect; rays few and small.—DC. ! prodr. 5.
p . 339, not of Nutt. S. glutinosa, Nutt. ! in trans. Arner. phil. soc. (n. ser.)
7 .p . 328. S. compacta, Turcz. in lull. soc. nat. Mosc. 1840,p. 73?
Nootka and Mulgrave Sound, Heenke ex DC. Plains of the Oregon and
Wahlamet, Nuttall!—“ About 2 feet high, with a brown_ stem, angular
above ; lower leaves 3 or 4 inches long, by about half an inch wide; the
radical attenuated into long petioles. Upper part of the stem, bracts, and in-
volucrum indued with an orange varnish-like resin, of a strong, aromatic, and
rather unpleasant taste. Rays about 8-10 [we observe 5-8] : discal florets
5 or 6 : pappus of the rays a'little short er,” Nutt.—Not having compared the
two, we are not certain that the S. glutinosa, Nutt, is the S. confertiflora,
DC. ; but. we find no essential difference. In the former, the radical leaves
are lanceolate-spatulate, 3-4 inches long, sharply serrate near the apex, with
a long attenuate entire base, veiny and somewhat triplinerved : the cauline
2-3 inches long, 3-4 lines wide, rather obscurely reticulate-veined, the lower
more attenuate at the base. Heads middle-sized, in short glomerate racemes
which are aggregated in a spiciform panicle. Exterior scales of the involucre
ovate or roundish, very short; the middle ones ovate-oblong, the innermost
linear-oblong. Rays small, Achenia minutely pubescent.
15. S. spidformis: glabrous or nearly so; stem ascending, simple (somewhat
glutinous ?); leaves obovate-spatulate, finely serrate,_ tapering into a
narrow entire base, or the lower into long margined petioles, reticulate-
veined ; racemes short, crowded in a dense spike or thyrsus; scales of the
involucre oblong, very obtuse, appressed, nearly glabrous; rays about 7,
very small; achenia silky-pubescent.—S. petiolaris, (Less, in Linneea, l. c. 7)
Hook. Sf Am . lot. Beechey, p. 145, chiefly ; not of Ail.
Monterey, California, Capt. Beechey! (v. sp. in herb. Hook.)—Stem
stout, 8-12 inches high; the base decumbent and apparently somewhat persistent,
densely clothed with spatulateleaves, which taper into slender petioles:
above with more scattered and less petioled leaves ; those near the summit
small and sessile. The leaves are all glabrous or nearly so, usually serrate
with close and fine acute teeth, except the narrowed base, mostly obtuse, and
manifestly reticulate-veined beneath. Heads middle-sized or rather large,
crowded on the short erect racemes, and disposed in a dense spike or thyrsus
3-5 inches in length, about 25-flowered. Rays short and inconspicuous.
16. S. Californica (Nutt.): villous and cinereous : leaves nearly all equal
and somewhat crowded, oblong-lanceolate, acute at each end, near the apex
sometimes very slightly serrulate; panicle elongated, nearly equal; scales
of the involucre lanceolate, acute, somewhat pubescent ; rays about 9 ,
achenia pubescent. Nutt.! in trans. Amer. phil. soc. (n. ser.) 7. p. 238. o.
petiolaris, Less, in Linneea, 6. p. 502 ?
0, softly cinereous-pubescent: leaves oblong, mostly obtuse, attenuate at
the base, veiny ; heads somewhat secund ?—S. petiolaris, Hook. Sf Am . !
lot. Beechey ', p. 145, partly. S. puberula, Cham. Sf Schlecht. 1. c. ?
St. Barbara, California, Nuttall. 0. Monterey, California, Capt. Beechey
!__“ Two or 3 feet high. Discal flowers about 9, as well as the rays.
Allied to the preceding [S. nana] ; but softly villous and acute-leaved . the
stem-leaves are also nearly as large as the radical ones, about an inch or an
inch and a half long, by less than half an inch wide.” . Nutt.—-la the only
specimen of var. 0., the lower part of the stem is wanting: the leaves are
much like those of S. ovalifolia; the lower 1-2 inches long, considerably attenuate
at the base, the upper successively smaller, some of them obscurely
serrate towards the apex. The heads are not much larger than in S. nemo-
ralis, 14-16-flowered, crowded ; the rays small, about 7. Scales of the involucre
lanceolate, acutish, slightly pubescent. The terminal portion of the
panicle or compound raceme appears to have been somewhat curved and
unilateral.
17. S.petiolaris (Ait.): stem simple and virgate, often branching above,
leafy, covered with a close pubescence, nearly tomentose at the summit;
leaves oval or elliptical, mucronulate, veiny, somewhat scabrous above and
puberulent-tomentose beneath (at least the midrib and veins), Scabrous-ciho-
late; the upper mostly entire, abruptly and slightly petioled ; the lower often
serrate, narrowed at the base : heads (rather large) in a single virgate raceme
or several paniculate racemes ; scales of the pubescent involucre lanceolate
; the exterior loose or spreading, somewhat herbaceous; rays about
10, elongated ; achenia at length glabrous.—Ait. ! Keui. (ed. 1) 3. p. 216 ;
Smith! in Rees, cycl.; not of Muhl., Ell., nor of Less. S. erecta ? Nutt. !
gen. 2 .p. 161; perhaps also of Pursh,Jl. 2 .p. 542. S. elata? E ll.! sk. 2.
p. 389, not of Pursh.
0. squarrulosa: exterior scales of the involucre linear or subulate, more
herbaceous, somewhat squarrose.—S. squarrosa, Nutt.! in jour. acad. Philad.
7. p. 102 ; not of Nutt, gen., nor of Muhl., or Ell. ? , ' r ■
Pine barrens and sandy, usually dry soil, North Carolina! to Georgia!
Florida! and Western Louisiana! Aug.-Sept.—Stein 1-2, rarely 3 feet
high, clothed with a fine and short somewhat hoary pubescence, which at
the summit and on the peduncles, &c. is tomentose. Leaves pale, almost
glabrous or slightly scabrous above, prominently feather-veined beneath, and
often somewhat reticulated, either obtuse or acute, 1-2 inches long, gradually
diminishing in size upwards; the lower more or less narrowed at the base,
but very slightly petioled, usually serrate with small scattered teeth; the
upper rounded at the base, slightly petioled, it may be, but appearing sessile.
Raceme usually virgate, terminating the stem or branches; or often several
disposed in a panicle, rarely nearly simple ; the heads usually 2-5 on each
short peduncle, and on mostly slender bracteolate pedicels, pretty large, 20-
25-flowered. Rays bright yellow. Achenia minutely pubescent when
young, glabrous when mature. Inner scales of the involucre with somewhat
greenish tips, appressed ; the exterior short and loose, gradually passing
into the subulate bracts of the pedicels : in var. 0. these bracts are more