lower leaves ovate, tapering into a petiole partly clasping at the base, unequally
toothed, glabrous above, arenose beneath ; the upper sessile, oblong,
acute, partly clasping by the auriculate somewhat adnate base, coarsely
toothed, arenose on both sides; corymb terminal, crowded; the calyculate
involucral scales about 10, acuminate, arenose; rays none; the tubular
flowers 10-12 ; achenia glabrous.—D C . p ro d r. 6. p. 426.
California, D o u g la s .—Herb 8—10 inches high. Lower leaves 5 inches
long, including the petiole. D C .
t t t t Radical leaves undivided; the cauline incised or pinnatifid: involucre
nearly ecalyculate.
23. S . aureus (Linn.): glabrous, or mostly somewhat arachnoid-woolly
when young; radical leaves orbicular or roundish-ovate, mostly cordate,
crenate-serrate, petioled; the lower cauline lyrate; the upper lanceolate,
laciniate-pinnatifid, sessile or partly clasping; the segments mostly toothed
at the apex ; corymb somewhat umbellate ; rays 8- 12 ; achenia glabrous.—
L in n . spec. 2. p . 870; M ic h x .! J l. 2. p. 120 ; P u r s h ! J l. 2. p. 530 ; E l l .
sk . 2. p. 331; B ig e l. ! j l . B o st. ed . 2. p. 307 ; Hook. ! j l . B o r .-A m . 1. p .
333; D a r l in g t. ! j l . Cest. p. 497 ; D C . ! p r o d r . 6. p . 432. S. tussilaginoides,
W a lt. C a r. p . 208. S. fastigiatus, S chw e in itz! in E l l . 1. c. S. gracilis,
P u r sh ! j l . 2. p . 529; D C . ! 1. c. (a depauperate state.)—Earliest radical
leaves, small and round, seldom cordate, on shorter petioles ; the succeeding
larger, on long petioles.
f}. o b o v a tu s: radical leaves varying from roundish-obovate to oblong-
spatulate.—S. obovatus, M u h l. in W i l ld . spec. 3. p . 1999 ; P u rsh , l. c . ;
E l l . 1. c . ; D a r l in g t. ! 1. c . ; D C . ! 1. c. S. aureus [3. gracilis, H o o k .! 1. c.
—A. large state, with heads of unusual size, is S. Balsamitse (3. majus,
H o o k .! 1. c.
y. b o r e a lis : radical leaves thickish and somewhat coriaceous, obovate,
cuneate-spatulate, and oval, mostly crenulate-toothed at the apex only, or
some of them entire ; stem short (5-12 inches high); corymb of few or numerous
heads.—S. aureus, partly, H o o k . ! 1. c. S. cymbalarioides, N u t t . !
in tra n s . A m e r. p h il. soc. 1. c. p. 412.
6. d isco id eu s (Hook. 1. c .): rays wanting.—A rayless state of var. /?. is
S. elongatus, P u r sh ! j l . 2. p . 529 ; of var. y. (from Labrador!) is S. pauci-
florus, P u rsh ! 1. c. (heads rarely solitary !): an Oregon plant, with some of
the oblong radical leaves sinuate-toothed or lyrate is S. debilis, N u tt. ! in
trans. A m e r. p h il. soc. 1. c . : an Arctic American form, with the primordial
radical leaves often as in var. y. but the succeeding thin, ovate, and sharply
serrate-toothed (corymb of few or several heads)is S. discoideus, H o o k .! l .c .
e. B a lsam ite e : glabrous or more downy; radical leaves oval, oblong,
spatulate, and lanceolate (often varying greatly on the same individual,
crenate or rather sharply crenate-toothed, some of them occasionally lyrate-
incised ; achenia either glabrous or strigose-puberulent on the angles.—S.
Balsamitee, M u h l. in W i l ld .! spec. 1. c. (8f in j l . L a n ca str. in e d ., when the
achenia are said to be glabrous); P u r s h ! l . c . ; D a r l in g t.! 1. c . ; D C . ! 1. c.
excl. syn. S. Plattensis, N u tt. ! in trans. Am e r. p h il. soc. 1. c.—Specimens
collected at the same time from the same locality, not distinguishable in any
other respect, have the achenia either glabrous, or minutely hairy on the
angles; the latter are most common.
f. ? lanceolatus (Oakes): stem slender, loosely and sparingly corymbose at
the summit; leaves thin, lanceolate-oblong; the radical on long petioles,
unequally and sharply serrate, subcordate or cuneate at the base ; the cauline
few, sessile, laciniate-pinnatifid towards the base ; rays 6- 8 ; achenia
glabrous.—O a k e s ! in Honey's m a g ., 8f in Thompson's g a z e tte e r of Vermont.
Arctic America! to Louisiana ! and from Labrador! to Oregon ! a. in
swamps or meadows; /?. in drier places; e. in rocky places; y. (and 6. chiefly)
Arctic America ! to the Rocky Mountains! &c. %. Cedar Swamp, Brown-
v ermont, D r . R obbins! April-June.—A polymorphous species,
10-30 inches high ; the S. Balsamitge and S. obovatus pass by numerous
transitions into the typical S. aureus.
24. S. Elliottii.- at length glabrous; stem simple, often nearly naked;
radical leaves thickish, oval-obovate or roundish, crenate-serrate, tapering
into a winged petiole which is much shorter than the lamina, or nearly ses-
sile; the cauline few and small, sessile, laciniate-pinnatifid; the upper re-
duced to bracts; corymb small; rays 9-12; achenia glabrous— S. obovatus,
ML. sk . 2. p . 330 (as to the Southern plant described), not of M u h l. See.
Pennsylvania? to Georgia! Florida! and Alabama! May.—About a
foot high, the stem often scape-like and almost leafless, floccose-woolly when
quite young. Radical leaves Crowded, 2-3 inches in diameter, frequently
coriaceous when mature, often sharply serrate or incised towards the narrowed
base, occasionally sinuate-incised or almost pinnatifid. Heads as
large as in S. aureus.
25. 5. tomentosus (Michx.): clothed with a more or less deciduous canescent
wool; radical leaves oblong or oval-lanceolate, mostly obtuse at both ends
crenate-toothed, on slender petiotes; the upper sessile; corymb fastigiate;
rays l- -1 5, elongated ; achenia stngose-pubescent on the angles.—Michx. !
*hpfp' ^V u 9 'roL, t kj 2' P'o3291 1)C-Prodr-heterophyllus, Nutt.! gen. 2. p. 165. 6 -p . 433. S. integ6rifolius, /3.
/?. smaller very canescent; radical leaves obovate-spatulate and oval, tapering
into short petioles sl.ghtly toothed; the cauline incisely pinnatifid—
Cineraria heterophy 11a, Pursh, j l . 2. p . 528? J r
PpeZnnn’sSylrv1a!!n !i-at,0 PI ufreshs) o*f V, rirl0gri.indiaa,! Mt r . ABrukcank sleays !! AP-p rBill-uJeu nMe—ouSntteamin s 1(-o2f
feet high, often nearly leafless, except at the base. Radical leaves on petioles
3-6 inches long, sometimes nearly entire, often sharply toothed near the base.
Heads larger than in S. aureus.
26:- S. canus (Hook.): tomentose and canescent throughout; radical leaves
oblong-spatulate tapering into short petioles, entire ; cauline linear-lanceolate,
W ‘e’pn lyn clasPlnS; S11,uate-pinnatifid, or laciniate-toothed towards the
base, corymb mostly snnple ; rays 8- 12, short; achenia glabrous.—Hook. !
\.V - 333, t. 116 ; DC. l.c. S. integrifolius, Nutt. ! gen. 2.p .
16.0.S S.'r P.utshianus,? “1' Nutt. ! m trans.*"*•'* Amer.■*•*•* phil. soc.» w (n. ser.)w— 7. p. 412 /3. upper surface of the leaves becoming somewhat glabrous. Hook. 1. c
Upper Missouri, Lewis,Nuttall! and Saskatchawan, Drummond' 0
Lake Huron, Dr. 7 W - P l a n t 6-12 inches high, somewhat c S ' - the
leaves white with a persistent tomentum— The achenia as figured by
Hooker are sparsely hairy along the angles near the summit; which £
have exCaminend.any sPecil^ n s (of Drummond or others) that we
t t t t t Leaves all pinnately parted: involucre calyculate.
27. S. Douglasii (DC.): clothed with a deciduous arenose-canescent du
bescence ; stem striate, leafy; leaves linear, acute, entire, or^mostly furnish
ed towards the base with 1-3 pairs of small and remote narrowly finear
lobes, nearly glabrous when old, the margins revolute; heads few, in a'naked
and loose compound corymb; the subulate calyculate scales o bracteoles