Dry plains of Lewis River, with the preceding, and on Ham’s Fork of the
Colorado of the West; common, Nuttall! July.—Shrub 2-3 feet high,
growing in tufts like a Furze. Spines sharp, spreading or recurved, half an
inch or a little more in length, as long as the fascicled leaves. Heads and
flowers nearly as in the preceding.
§ 2. Involucre of 5—6 scales, 5-9-flowered: the soft villous hairs which densely
clothe the achenia as long as the less copious pappus !—L agothamnus,
Nutt.
4. T. spinosa (Hook. & Am., I. c .) : shrubby, much branched, decumbent
; the branches and scattered or racemose heads very woolly ; primary
leaves converted into acerose often recurved spines; the others fascicled in
their axils, very small, fleshy, linear, obtuse, glabrous.—Lagothamnus
microphyllus & L. ambiguus, Nu tt.! in trans. Amer. phil. soc. l.c . p. 416.
Snake Country, on Lewis River, Mr. Tolmie. Arid plains with the preceding,
common, Nuttall! July-Aug.—Shrub 3-4 feet high. Leaves usually
much shorter than the spines, 2-3 lines long, somewhat terete, always
glabrous. Heads pretty large, on short peduncles, often nodding, most frequently
5-flowered. Pappus of about 30 bristles, which are unequal as in
the preceding species, but are nearly concealed by the singular hairs of the
achenia, which perfectly simulate a pappus, and with which they were apparently
confounded by Hook. S{ Am. 1. c. These copious very white denticulate
hairs only differ from those of true Tetradymia by their greater
length, in this species nearly equalling the corolla and real pappus.
165. CROCIDIUM. Hook. JL Bor.-Am. 1 . p . 335, t. 118.
Heads many-flowered, radiate ; the ray-flowers about 12, pistillate ; the
disk-flowers tubular, perfect. Scales of the involucre 8- 12, oblong-ovate,
herbaceous, with somewhat scarious margins, spreading, nearly in a single
series. Receptacle oblong-conical, naked, papillose. Rays oblong; the
ligule with a short filiform tube : the corolla of the disk with a slender tube
and a campanulate 5-cleft limb ; the lobes spreading. Branches of the style
short; those of the ray very obtuse, nearly included in the tube ; of the disk
tipped with a flattened triangular appendage. Achenia obovoid-oblong, obscurely
5-angled, canescent with somewhat caducous clavate-papilliform
hairs (which when moistened split from the apex into two valves, and emit
two attenuated spiral threads); those of the disk furnished with ,a deciduous
pappus of 15-20 strongly barbellate capillary bristles, rather shorter than the
corolla; of the ray similar, but destitute of pappus.—A small annual, sending
up numerous slender and mostly simple stems (a span high) from the
same root, which are naked above, and bear solitary heads. Leaves loosely
floccose-woolly when very young, at length glabrous except in the axils,
which are lanigerous; the radical spatulate, somewhat toothed or incised;
the cauline linear, sessile. Corolla of the disk and ray somewhat deciduous,
bright yellow.
C. multicaule (Hook.! 1. c.)—Nutt. ! in trans. Amer. phil. soc. (n. ser.)
7 .p . 441.
On rocks of the Oregon near Fort Vancouver, D o u g la s ! Sfc., and at the
mouth of the Wahlamet, N u tta ll |—An elegant little plant, allied in several
respects to Blennosperma.—Hooker’s figure and description do not altogether
correspond, and neither are correct as respects the achenia, which are not
compressed, tuberculate, nor crenate-margined in our specimens; nor are
they very smooth, except when the papilliform hairs fall away. When
thrown into water, the spiral filaments which the latter emit form a gelatinous
mass around the achenium.
166. ARNICA. L in n .; Gcertn.fr. 1.173 ; Schkuhr, handb. t. 248; DC. 1. c.
Heads many-flowered, radiate; the ray-flowers pistillate, and often furnished
with sterile stamens; the disk-flowers tubular, perfect. Scales of the
campanulate involucre lanceolate, equal, somewhat in two series. Receptacle
flat, fimbrillate or a little hairy. Tube of the corolla hairy ; the limb
in the disk-flowers 5-toothed. Style in the disk-flowers with long pubescent
branches, either truncate or tipped with a short cone. Achenia terete, tapering
to the base or fusiform, somewhat ribbed, commonly hairy. Pappus a
single series of rather rigid barbellate or strongly scabrous capillary bristles.
—Perennial herbs (of the colder regions of the northern hemisphere) ; with
simple stems, bearing solitary or somewhat corymbose large heads. Leaves
undivided, opposite! Flowers yellow.
1 . A . nu d icau lis (Ell.): hirsute; leaves all sessile, 3-5-nerved, very hirsute
above, entire or slightly toothed ; the cauline 1-2 pairs, small, remote
ovate or oblong; the radical clustered; heads several, on slender corymbose
peduncles; achenia nearly glabrous— E l l . ! sk . 2. p . 333 ; D C . ! l . c . A.
Claytorii, P u r sh , j l - 2. p . 527. Doronicum foliis plantaginis, See. C la y t.
D. acaule, W a lt. Car. p . 205. D. nudicaule, M ich x . ! Jl. 2. p . 121.'
Damp pine barrens, &c., Virginia! to Florida! April-May.—Stem 1-3
feet high; the pubescence somewhat viscid. Rays 12-15, twice the length
of the involucre, bright yellow. Achenia very slightly and sparsely pubes-
cent when young, at length glabrous.
2. A. angustifolia (Vahl): more or less villous; stem bearing a single
head; leaves lanceolate, acute, entire or sparingly deuticulate, 3-nerved ; the
radical on short petioles; the cauline 1-3 pairs, sessile; involucre woolly-
achenia hirsute— Vahl, fi. Dan. t. 1524 • DC. ! prodr. 6. p. 317. A. mon-
tana p. alpina, Linn. spec. ed. 2. p. 1245 ; R. Br. ! in Parry's voy. p 279 •
Richards.! appx. Frankl. journ. ed. 2. p. 3 0 ; Hook. ! Jl. Bor.-Am. 1 p
330. A. alpina, Lcesl.; Wahl. Jl. Suec. 2. p. 530. A. plantaginea & A.
fulgens, Pursh ! Jl. 2. p. 527.
p. Lessingii: achenia glabrous! (involucre turbinate; anthers blackish.)
—A. alpina, Less, in Linncea, 6. p. 325. A. angustifolia, Hook. Sr Am . hot.
Beechey, p. 126. $
Greenland! Labrador! and the Arctic coast! to Saskatchawan ' and the
Upper Missouri and Platte, in and near the Rocky Mountains! (3. Kotzebue’s
Sound! &c.—Plant 4-10 inches high; some of the northern states
(such as A. plantaginea, Pursh, from Labrador, and those from the Arctic
islands) too closely approaching A. montana; but the more southern forms
appear quite distinct from that species.
3. A. Chamissonis (Less.): hirsute-pubescent; stem simple or sometimes
branched above, bearing 3 or more heads, leafy to the summit; leaves (amv
o l . II.— 5 7