scales of the involucre very few, subulate ; the interior much shorter, resembling
the chaff of the receptacle. Rays linear-oblong, yellow. Chaff with
a bright purple spot near each margin. Achenia (immature) flat, oval,
2-winged; the inner wing broader, and more conspicuously fringed with
stout spreading bristles; the summit produced into 2 sharp slightly unequal
teeth or awns, which are fully half the length of the corolla, and confluent
with the wings, in the manner of Silphium.
93. DRACOPIS. Cass. diet. 35. p. 273 ; DC. prodr. 5. p. 558.
Heads many-flowered; the ray-flowers neutral, in a single series ; those
of the disk tubular, perfect. Scales of the involucre in 2 series ; the exterior
6- 8, small, linear, spreading; the interior very small, appressed, resembling
the chaff of the receptacle. Receptacle cylindrical, pointed; the chaff lifaear,
somewhat bearded at the summit, abruptly mucronulate, rather shorter than
the flowers. Corolla of the disk with a manifest tube ; the throat expanded,
5-toothed, the teeth reflexed. Branches of the style terminated by a linear-
lanceolate barbellate appendage. Achenia terete, narrowed towards the
base, with a lateral areola, minutely striate and granulated. Pappus obsolete
(an extremely minute entire crown or border), or none.—An annual
branching glabrous herb ; the stem and branches slriate-sulcate. Cauline
leaves cordate-clasping, oblong or oval, mostly acute, entire, the lower oijes
serrate, smooth and pale, reticulate-veined; the margins ciliate-scabrous.
Heads solitary, peduncled, terminating the branches. Rays yellow, often
with an orange-brown spot at the base. Disk (at first somewhat conical, at
length cylindrical) fuscous.
D. amplexicaulis (Cass, t c.)—Hook. lot. mag. t. 3716, Sf compan. 1 .
p. 99. Rudbeckia amplexicaulis, Vahl, in act. Hafn, 2. p . 29, t. 4 ;
Schkuhr, handb. 3. t. 259. R. amplexifolia, Jacq. ic. rat. 3. t. 592 ;
Willd. ! spec. 3. p. 2249; Pursh ! fl. 2. p. 573. “ R. perfoliata, Cav. ic. 3.
p. 27, t. 252.” R. spathulata, Nutt. gen. 2 p. 178, ex Muhl. herb.!
Low prairies, &c., Louisiana ! Arkansas ! and Texas ! (Also in Mexico
according to Cavanilles.) May-Aug.—Stem 1-3 feet high. Rays cuneiform
oblong, 2-3-toothed, 6-10 lines long. Disk at length about an inch
long. Anthers fuscous. Branches of the style purple.
94. GYMNOPSIS. DC. prodr. 5. p. 561.
Gymnolomia, II. B. A.—Aldama, LaCLav. (p Lex. 7
Heads many-flowered; the ray-flowers in a single series, neutral; those
of the disk tubular, perfect. Scales of the involucre in a double series, the
exterior somewhat foliaceous. Receptacle flat or convex, or perhaps conical,
chafly. Branches of the style with long appendages. Achenia crowned
with a very short eoroniform-toothed pappus.—Herbaceous or somewhat
shrubby (American) plants, with opposite petioled 3-nerved or triplinerved
leaves. Heads pedunculate. DC.
1 . G. uniserialis (Hook.) : stem erect, scabrous, branching, somewhat
dichotomous; leaves oblong-ovate, petioled, angulate-toothed, obsoletely
punctate and nearly naked above, strigose-hairy beneath; scales of the involucre
oblong-spatulate, hirsute, in a single series ; chaff of the receptac, lent-
eluding the very glabrous and shining achenia, at length tuberculate and
scabrous, tubular; pappus coroniform, fimbriate. Hook.! ic. pi. t. 145,
DC. prodr. 7. (mant.) p. 289.
Texas, Drummond!—Plant strigose-hirsute; the stems apparently 2 feet
or more in height. Leaves ovate-lanceolate ; the uppermost alternate.
Rays rather large, bright yellow, oblong. Disk-flowers about 30 ; the corolla
(yellow) slightly dilated upwards, with 5 elongated and very narrowly
linear lobes. Stamens inserted near the base of the corolla ; anthers brownish,
tipped with a slender lanceolate appendage. Appendages of the style
very long, hirsute, filiform-linear. The edges of the chaffy scale which encloses
each achenium at length cohere firmly.—Nearly allied apparently to
G. dentata and G. Schiediana of De Candolle; but the genus seems to include
incongruous plants.
95. ENCELIA. A d a n s.; Cav. ic. 1. t. 61; DC. prodr. 5. p. 566.
Heads many-flowered; the ray-flowers neutral, in a single series; those
of the disk tubular, perfect. Involucre somewhat imbricated in 2-3 series,
equalling the disk. Receptacle flat: the chaff membranaceous, navicular.
Branches of the style terminated by a cone. Achenia compreised, flat,
emarginate, destitute of pappus, with the margins densely woolly or villous.
__Shrubby plants of the Pacific coast of America, more or less canescent;
the leaves alternate,, ovate or oblong, petioled, entire or nearly so. Heads
few, terminating the paniculate branches. Ray and disk yellow.
1 . E . Californica (Nutt.): erect, much branched ; the branches puberu-
lent-canescent; leaves lanceolate-ovate, acute, sometimes angular-toothed at
the obtuse or rounded base, abruptly petioled, 3-7-nerved, nearly glabrous,
the margins scabrous; involucre very villous; achenia nearly glabrous except
the margins, which are very densely villous-hirsute.—Nutt.! in trans.
Amer. phil. soc. (n. ser.) 7. p. 357.
Dry hills, near St. Barbara [or St. Diego], Nuttall! April.—A low,
rather showy, brittle shrub, with the scent of Calendula or Gaillardia.
96. VIGUIERA. H. B. &f. K. nov. gen. K* spec. 4. p. 224, t. 379 ;
DC. prodr. 5. p. 578.
Heads many-flowered ; the ray-flowers few, neutral; those of the disk
perfect. Scales of the hemispherical involucre nearly in a single series,
somewhat equal, with foliaceous tips or appendages. Receptacle either conical
or flattish ; the persistent chaff embracing the achenia. Appendages
of the style subulate, hispid. Achenia obovate-cuneiform, pubescent. Pappus
of 4 small denticulate squamellse and 2 awns, deciduous.—Annual or
perennial (W. Indian, Mexican, and Texan) herbs; with alternate or opposite
leaves, and small heads with yellow rays.
Yiguiera prostrata, DC. is not a North American plant; and is perhaps different
from Helianthus prostratus, Willd.