diet.; Ait. Kew. (ed. 1) 3. p. 251; IVilld. ! enum. 2. p. 921; Pursh! 1. c .;
Ell. 1. c .; PC. ! 1. c. It. laciniata B. angustifolia, Pers. syn. 2. p. 476.
It. Isevis, Hoffm., ex DC.
Moist thickets, Canada! to Alabama! Western Louisiana! and to near
the sources of the Missouri! July-Sept.—Stem 4-8 (in B. 3-4) feet high.
Rays bright light yellow, oblanceolate, 1—2 inches long. Radical leaves scabrous
on both sides ; the divisions and segments often long and very narrow,
sometimes rhombic-ovate— The var. 0. is common in the mountains of North
Carolina.
12. R. heterophylla : cinereous-pubescent; leaves minutely tomentose beneath,
scabrous above ; the lower petioled, pinnately 3-5-parted or divided,
the oblong divisions sparingly toothed, the terminal one cuneiform and mostly
3-cleft; the upper simple, ovate, slightly petioled, strongly serrate, acute;
heads somewhat corymbose ; rays drooping ; achenia prismatic, with a short
coroniform denticulate pappus.
Middle Florida, Dr. Chapman!—Plant smaller in all its parts than R. laciniata,
with the upper leaves evenly dentate-serrate throughout. Disk globose,
and the receptacle conical, perhaps elongated when old. Chaff cuneiform
oblong, minutely canescent at the summit,-slightly pointed. Pappus
shorter than in R. laciniata.
§ 2. Scales of the involucre few ; the exterior spreading, the innermost erect,
similar to the chaff of the spiciform elongated receptacle : the dish at length
columnar : rays with abortive achenia : branches of the style terminated by
a very short and obtuse cone : achenia o f the disk as long as the obtuse chaff,
acutely 4-sided ; the pappus continuous with its summit, sheathing the lower
portion o f the corolla, irregularly toothed or lacerate-denticulate; that of the
ray small with a short coroniform pappus.—Macrocline.
13. R . maxima (Nutt.): very smooth and glabrous throughout, somewhat
glaucous; leaves large, membranaceous, broadly oval or ovate-oblong, cre-
nate-dentieulate or entire, feather-veined and reticulated, the radical and
lower cauline petioled; the upper clasping,'either tapering at the base or
cordate; head usually solitary on a long peduncle ; rays large, drooping;
chaff pubescent at the summit.—Nutt.! in trans. Amer. phil. soc. 1. c. p. 354.
Plains of Red River, Nuttall! Moist pine woods and along shady
streams, Western Louisiana, Arkansas, and Texas, Dr. Leavenworth! and
near Alexandria, Louisiana, Dr. Hale! June-Aug.—Stems 4-9 feet high,
“ growing in extensive masses” (Nutt.), stout, striate. Leaves 8-10 or 12
inches long, and 4-5 broad, “ but little inferior in size to those of the Cab-
bage” (Nutt.), obtuse or slightly acuminate ; the numerous veins diverging
from the strong midrib, reticulated, the upper ones usually converging to the
apex. Rays 10—15, usually 2 inches in length, oblong-linear, bright yellow,
much longer than the linear scales of the involucre. Disk fuscous, at length
frequently 1J to 2 inches in length, and columnar, 9 to 10 lines in diameter;
the receptacle a narrow cylindrical and pointed rachis. Corolla of the disk
brownish-purple; the teeth erect. Style with a large bulb at the base.
Achenia 3 lines long, usually somewhat compressed ; the pappus perfectly
continuous with the summit of the achenium and of the same texture, becoming
scarious at the summit, sometimes nearly half as long as the immature
achenium itself and including the lower half of the corolla, but often
shorter.—-This and the following species might be considered as a separate
genus with nearly the same reason as Dracopis, which they closely resemble
in their receptacle, involucre, &c. : but as to the pappus they do not greatly
differ from Rudbeckia alismssfolia; and R. laciniata has a similar, although
less elongated receptacle.
14. R. nitida (Nutt.): very smooth and somewhat shining; stem simple
or sparingly branched above; leaves coriaceous, oval-oblong and lanceolate,
nervose and reticulated, repand-denticulate or entire, mostly acute at each
end; the radical and lower cauline tapering into slender usually margined
petioles, the uppermost (often linear-lanceolate) partly clasping, rays large,
drooping ; chaff pubescent at the summit.—Nutt. ! in jour. acad. Philad. 7.
p. 78. (1834.) R. glabra, DC. prodr. 5. p. 556 ?
Georgia and Florida, on the borders of swampy open thickets, Nuttall!
Prairies, Louisiana, Dr» Leavenworth! Dr. Carpenter ! Dr» Hale ! Texas,
Drummond! June—July.—Plant 3—5 feet high, much resembling the preceding,
but with more nervose smaller leaves (the lower 4-6 inches long, 1-3
•wide), beautifully reticulated between the nerves or ribs, &c. Stem either
simple, with a solitary head on a long naked peduncle, or branched above,
producing several heads. Heads nearly as large as in the preceding, with
8-12 rays ; the disk sometimes broadly conical and apparently unchanged in
fruit; but commonly elongated like the preceding, and sometimes attaining
the length of 2 inches.—Both these species would be very showy in
cultivation.
§ 3. Involucre and chaff as m Macrocline : rays none! (always?): corolla o f
the conical-oblong disk nearly destitute of proper tube (the stamens inserted
into the very base): branches of the style slightly dilated upwards, truncate-
capitate : achenia prismatic: pappus coroniform and somewhat toothed,
nearly as in R. laciniata.—Acosmia, Nutt.
15. R. occidentalis (Nutt.): smooth and glabrous; stem stout; leaves
ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, entire or repandly toothed, sometimes irregularly
lobed, scabrous on the margin, 3-nerved ; the uppermost sessile, lanceolate,
entire; heads few, on long peduncles ; disk conical ; scales of the involucre
lanceolate, acuminate, nearly in a single series. Nutt.! in trans. Amer.
phil. soc. (n. ser.) 7. p. 355. . . , . , , ,
Rocky Mountains, and woods of Oregon, particularly m the Blue Mountain
range, by small streams, Nuttall!—Plant about 3 _feet high. Leaves
ample, somewhat reticulated as in the preceding. Disk purplish-brown,
probably elongated in fruit.—Apparently the only species west of the Rocky
R . asperrma, Hornem. (Loud. hort. B rit.)
R . cicutasfolia, Spreng. is founded on Heliopthalmum cicutaefolium, Raf. fl. Lrndov.
92. LEPACHYS. Raf. in jour. phys. 1819, p. 100; Less. syn. p . 225.
Lepaehys & Ratibida, Raf. 1. c— Obeliscaria, Cass. (1825), DC.
Heads many-flowered; the ray-flowers few, in a single series, neutral;
those of the disk small, tubular, perfect. Scales of the involucre few, linear
or subulate, spreading, or sometimes with an inner series of small obtuse
scales similar to the chaff of the receptacle. Receptacle elongated, columnar
or spiciform; the chaff truncate or obtuse, thickened and bearded or villous
at the summit, ^nearly the length of the disk-flowers and partly enclosing
or embracing the achenia. Corolla of the disk short, cylindrical, with 5 short
v o l . n.—40