192. Crepis. Pappus in two or more series, soft, slightly scabrous. Achenia
columnar, fusiform, or obscurely pointed.
193. T roximon. Pappus copious and unequal, in several series, rigid. Achenia
oblong-linear, scarcely or not at all rostrate. Acaulescent, simple.
+• +- Achenia terete, ribbed or angled, with a long filiform beak.
194. Macrorhynchus. Involucre imbricated. Achenia with about 10 ribs or
callous wings, smooth. Acaulescent.
195. T araxacum. Involucre double, in 2 series. Achenia striate-angled, usually
muricate. Acaulescent.
196. P yrrhopappus. Involucre double, in 2 series, the exterior of spreading subulate
scales. Achenia scabrous. Caulescent or acaulescent. Pappus
reddish or fulvous.
-t- +- +- Achenia flattened, either compressed or obcompressed.
197. L actuca. Achenia obcompressed, flat, abruptly produced into a filiform
beak. Pappus very soft and white.
198. Mulgedigm. Achenia compressed, tapering into a short or thick (sometimes
indistinct) beak. Pappus bright white or tawny. Flowers blue.
199. Sonchus. Achenia compressed, not rostrate. Pappus exceedingly soft and
delicate, bright white. Involucre becoming tumid at the base. Flowers
yellow.
Subtribe 1 . L a m p s a n e j s , Less.—Receptacle not chaffy. Pappus none.
177. LAMPSANA. Town.; Juss. gen. p. 168 ; DC. prodr. 7. p . 76.
Lapsana, Limn.; Gcertn. fr. t. 157.
Heads 8- 12-flowered. Scales of the cylindrical-campanulate angled
involucre 8, erect, in a single series, bracteolate with one or two minute
scales. Receptacle narrow, naked. Achenia oblong, glabrous, obscurely
striate, caducous, destitute of pappus.—Slender branching herbs (natives of
the old world), with angulate or toothed leaves, and small loosely paniculate-
corymbose heads. Flowers yellow.
1 . L . communis (Linn.): annual, somewhat glabrous ; lower leaves ovate,
angulate-toothed, petioled, sometimes lyrate ; involucre very glabrous, nearly
equalling the flowers.—FI. Dan. t. 500; Engl. hot. t. 844; Schkuhr,
handb. t. 225; Hook. ! jl. Bor.-Am. 1 . p. 296.
Lower Canada, Mrs. Sheppard! Mrs. Percival! Probably introduced
from Europe.—Mr. Oakes once found this plant by the roadside in Cambridge,
Massachusetts.
178. APOGON. Ell. sk. 2. p. 267; DC. prodr. 7. p . 78.
Heads 10- 20-flowered. Scales of the involucre mostly 8, somewhat in two
series, ovate, acuminate, nearly as long as the corolla, connivent in fruit.
Receptacle naked. Achenia obovoid-oblong, terete, longitudinally ribbed,
and marked with very minute transverse striatures, glabrous. Pappus none !
(or sometimes very minute and chafly. DC.)—An annual glabrous or somewhat
glaucous small herb, 4-12 inches high, branched from the base; the
branches slender, erect or ascending, bearing 1-3 or several umbellate slender
pedicels at the summit, and also frequently in the axils of the cauline leaves,
mostly a little hispid near the summit, terminated by single small heads.
Radical leaves obovate-oblong or lanceolate, entire or sparingly toothed, the
primordial nearly sessile, the others tapering into petioles ; cauline lanceolate,
acute or acuminate, entire, sessile, partly clasping; the uppermost
mostly opposite ! Flowers yellow.
A . humilis (Ell.! 1. c.)—A. humilis & A. gracilis, DC.! 1. c.
0. lyrata: radical and lower cauline leaves (either some or all of them)
variously lyrate-toothed or pinnatifid.—A. lyratum, Nutt.! in jour. acad.
Philad. 7. p. 71, Sf in trans. Amer. phil. soc. (n. ser.) 7. p. 424. Serinia
csespitosa, Raf. Jl. Ludov. p. 149 ? {DC. prodr. 7. p. 261.)
South Carolina ! Georgia ! and Florida ! to Louisiana ! Arkansas ! and
Texas ! 0. Louisiana, Drummond ! Dr. Hale ! Plains of Arkansas, Nut-
tall, Dr. Pitcher! &c. Texas, Drummond! April-June.—We cannot discover
the ‘ minute chaffy pappus’ in an original specimen of A. gracilis,
DC., nor find any appreciable difference in the achenia. In both Elliott’s
and Nuttall’s plants, also, the pedicels are frequently furnished with bristly
hairs towards the summit; and the irregular incision of the leaves in the latter
is very inconstant.
Subtribe 2. H y o s e r id e a ;, Less.—Receptacle not chaffy. Pappus simple
or double, either wholly or partly chaffy, squamellate, or coroniform.
179. KRIGIA. Schreb. gen. p. 532; Willd.; DC. prodr. 7. p. 88.
Heads 15-30-flowered. Scales of the involucre 6-15, somewhat in a
double series, equal. Receptacle naked. Achenia turbinate, many-striate,
somewhat 5-angular. Pappus double; the exterior of 5 broad and rounded
scarious chaffy scales; the inner (rarely wanting) of as many slender scabrous
bristles alternating with the scales, and corresponding with the angles
of the achenium.—Small annual (North American) herbs, branching from
the base ; the mostly lyrate or toothed leaves radical or nearly so; the naked
branches or scapes long and slender, simple, terminated by solitary small
heads. Flowers yellow.
§ 1. Bristles of the pappus more or less exceeding the chaffy scales, but not
longer than the terete achenium, sometimes entirely wanting : scales o f the
involucre 5-8, with a strong midrib, erect and carinate-navicular in fruit.—
C y m b i a .
1 . K. occidentalis (Nutt.): scapes very numerous from the same root,
diffuse, simple, leafless, hispid; leaves either entire or lyrate; the exterior
with the lamina or terminal lobe oval or roundish; the innermost lanceolate
or narrowly linear ; achenia equally many-ribbed, ciliolate-scabrous on the
ribs which correspond with the bristles of the inner pappus, very minutely