Arctic America, from lat. 64°, to the shores of the Northern Sea! Kotzebue’s
Sound! &c.—Stems 1-6 inches high.- Head large.—Varies greatly as
to pubescence, and the short purplish hairs of the involucre are sometimes
nearly wanting.
36. S. Pseudo-Arnica (Less.): glabrous or araehnoid-tomentose at the
summit; stem erect, simple, leafy, bearing one or very few [very large]
heads; lower leaves oval-oblong, repand-toothed, narrowed into a short petiole;
the upper sessile, lanceolate ; scales of the involucre in few series, the
exterior linear, acuminate, as long as the interior; rays many-nerved ; ache-
nia glabrous; pappus scabrous, equalling the disk-corolla, DC.—Less, in
Linntea, 6. p. 240; Hook.! fi. Bor.-Am. 1 . p. 334, t. 113; DC.! prodr. 6.
p . 358, Arnica maritima, Linn. spec. 2. p. 885 (ex. Less.); Pursh! f l. 2.
p. 528; Hook. b fA rn .! bot. Beechey, p. 126. A. Doronicum, Pursh, fl.
2. p. 527 ? Cineraria carnosa, Pylaie ! herb.
Labrador! and Newfoundland! to Kotzebue’s Sound! and Unalaschka!__
Stem stout, 2 inches to a foot high. Heads (1-4,) an inch or more in diameter.
t Obscure species.
3T. S. Canadensis (Linn.): heads radiate; leaves bipinnate, linear. Linn,
spec. 2. p. 869.
Canada, Kalin.—Stem erect, smooth. Leaves bipinnate, linear, glabrous;
the uppermost simply pinnate. Corymb terminal, compound, fastigiate, yellow.
Involucre rufescent. Linn.
38. S. Kalmii (Nutt.): heads paniculate; leaves pinnatifid, somewhat
villous ; the segments sinuate; stem herbaceous. Linn. spec. ed. 2. p . 1244,
under the name of Cineraria Canadensis.
Canada, Kalm..—Like Cineraria maritima, but the leaves instead of to-
mentose are subvillous, especially beneath. Rays spreading, not revolute.
Stem annual, not perennial. Involucre a little sphacelate at the apex.
Linn.—We are inclined to suspect some mistake respecting the habitat of
several Linnaean species said to have been collected in Canada by Kalm.
39. S. Cymbalaria (Pursh): radical leaves petioled, subrotund, truncate
at the base, with the petioles appendiculate and somewhat lyrate; the
cauline sessile, linear, incisely toothed; stem somewhat one-flowered. Pursh,
fl. 2. p. 530.
North West Coast of America, Nelson, in herb. Banks.—May it not be
the same with S. residjfolius ?
40. S. paUperculus (Michx.): dwarf; stem very simple, rigidly erect,
somewhat naked; leaves all lanceolate, a few of the radical somewhat entire
; the others sparingly incisely toothed or serrate [or subpinnatifid] ; corymb
of few [2-4] heads; involucre nearly glabrous ; rays rather small.
Michx. fi. 2. p. 120.
Canada near the Lakes, Michaux. Newfoundland, Pylaie. ( V. sp. in
herb. Michx. Sfherb. Pylaie.)—Plant 5-7 inches high.—Perhaps not different
from the remarkable and ambiguous S. aureus var. laneeolatus.
S. ciliaius, Walt., is most probably Erigeron Canadense.
S. opuntiafolius, Raf. fl. Ludov.
Cineraria Caroliniensis (Walt. Car, p. 207): heads paniculate; leaves petioled.
oblong, denticulate, smooth; stem herbaceous.
164. TETRADYMIA. DC. prodr. 6. p. 440; Deless. ic. 4. t. 60.
Tetradymia & Lagothamnus, Nutt.
Heads 4- or sometimes 5-9-flowered ; the flowers all tubular and perfect.
Involucre of 4 or 5 (rarely 6) oval or oblong and obtuse coriaceo-charta-
ceous carinate-concave scales, somewhat in two series. Receptacle small,
naked. Corolla with a slender tube and a deeply 5-cleft limb; the lobes
linear, spreading, mostly furnished with an indistinct mid-nerve. Anthers
exserted. Branches of the style tipped with a very short and obtuse pube-
rulent cone. Achenia oblong, terete, villous with long and soft denticulate
hairs. Pappus at first shorter than the corolla, composed of numerous
strongly denticulate and rather rigid unequal capillary bristles.—Herbaceous ?
or shrubby canescently tomentose branching plants (natives of dry barren
plains in and near the Rocky Mountains); the leaves linear, entire, sessile
alternate, often fascicled; the primary frequently converted into spines.
Heads corymbose or racemose, and often clustered at the extremity of the
branches, rather large. Flowers bright yellow.
§ 1 . Involucre of 4-5 scales, 4-fiowered: the villous hairs of the achenia
much shorter than the very copious pappus.—E utetradymia.
1. T. canescens (DC.): herbaceous? unarmed ; silvery-tomentose; leaves
scattered on the simple stems or branches, narrowly linear, rather rigid, mu-
cronate; peduncles as long as the racemose-corymbose heads; scales
of the involucre 4 — D C .! in Deless. ic. sel. 4. t. 60, &• prodr. 1. c .; Hook. &•
A m .! bot. Beechey, suppl. p. 360. " *
Interior of Oregon or California, Douglas .'—Leaves an inch and a half
long, scarcely a line wide, none of them fascicled or spinescent. Flowers
fully half an inch long. Hairs of the achenia, as in all the species of this
section, as long as or longer than the achenium, and strongly denticulate
under a lens, especially the uppermost, which might readily be confounded
with the pappus.
2. T. inermis (Nutt.): shrubby, much branched, unarmed, silvery-canes-
cent; leaves thickish, short, linear-lanceolate or somewhat spatulate, obtuse
or mucronulate-acute, either scattered or fascicled; heads corymbose-clustered,
on short peduncles; scales of the involucre mostly 4.—Nutt,! in trans
Amer. phil. soc. (n. ser.) 7. p. 415.
Dry barren plains west of the Rocky Mountains, particularly near Lewis
River, Nuttall! Also east of the Rocky Mountains on hills of the upper
part of the North Fork of the Platte, near Deer Creek; and on the Wind
River Chain at the height of 7000 feet,- Lieut. Fremont! Aug._Shrub 1—3
feet high, not spinescent. Leaves 6-9 lines long, 1-2 wide, canescent with
a close tomentum. Heads and flowers smaller than in the preceding species
; to which some states are very closely allied. y
3. T. Nuttallii: shrubby, much branched, woolly when young, canescent;
primary leaves mostly converted into subulate spines; the others
densely fascicled in their axils, thickish, linear-spatulate, obtuse, the tomentum
somewhat deciduous; heads fascicled and in corymbose clusters on
very short peduncles; scales of the involucre 4-5.—T. spinosa, Nutt. ! 1. c.
not of Hook. Sf Am.