1. L. integrifolium (DC. l.c .): dwarf, hairy; leaves spatulate-linear,
entire, chiefly crowded at the base of the simple scape-like stem ; scales of
the involucre obovate-elliptical, with broad and brown lacerate scarious margins.—
Chrysanthemum integrifolium, Richards.! appx. Frankl. journ. ed.
2. p. 33 ; Hook. ! in Parry's 2nd voy. p. 398, Sffl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 319.
Shores of Arctic America, and on the Copper Mountains in lat. 57°.
Richardson !—Rays elliptical, white.
2. L. arcticum (D C .! 1. c .) : nearly glabrous; stem low, simple, naked
near the summit; lower leaves cuneiform, tapering into a petiole, incised or
coarsely toothed at the apex ; the uppermost small, mostly linear and entire;
scales of the involucre oval, with blackish scarious margins.—Chrysanthemum
arcticum, Linn. spec. 2. p. 889 ; Pursh, fl. 2. p. 526 ; Hook. ! fl. Bor.-
Am. 1. p . 319.
Arctic America! extending south to York Factory, Hudson’s Bay! and
to Fort Vancouver ! probably confined to the coast.—Stem 5-10 inches high.
Head as large as in L. vulgare.
3. L. vulgare (L am .): stem erect, somewhat branched ; leaves laciniateincised
or pinuatifid-toothed; the cauline partly clasping; the radical obovate-
spatulate, petioled; scales of the involucre with narrow rusty-brown scarious
margins.—DC. ! prodr. 6. p. 46. Chrysanthemum Leucanthemum, Linn.!
1. c .; PL Dan. t. 994; Engl. hot. t. 601; Pursh, l. c.; Darlinst. ! A. Cest.
p . 490. S
p. involucral scales bordered with white scarious margins.
Naturalized in fields and meadows throughout the United States ; also in
Canada and Oregon : a very troublesome weed. /?. Alexandria, Louisiana,
Dr. Hale! June-July.—Leaves variable. Achenia ribbed.— White Daisy.
Ox-eye Daisy.
153. MATRICARIA. Linn. ; Tourn. ; DC. prodr. 6. p. 50.
Heads many-flowered; the rays pistillate, rarely very small or wanting.
Scales of the involucre nearly equal, imbricated in few series. Receptacle
ample, ovate-conical! naked. Corolla of the disk 4-5-toothed ; the tube
more or less obcompressed, or nearly terete. Achenia angled, wingless, those
of the disk and ray similar. Pappus none, or obscure, or occasionally coroni-
form.—Smooth and branching annuals; the pinnately parted leaves with
linear or setaceous segments. Heads solitary or somewhat corymbose.
Rays white; the disk yellow.
§ 1. Heads radiate : achenia urith a coroniform pappus: corolla of the disk
5-toothed.—Chamomilla, DC.
1. M. inodora (Linn.): glabrous ; stem branched, diffuse or erect; leaves
bipinnately divided ; the lobes linear, acute, flatfish, 2-3 parted ; heads solitary
on the branches ; scales of the involucre oblong, with whitish [or brown]
scarious margins; achenia 3-4-angled; pappus coroniform, entire. DC.—
Linn.fi,. Suec. ed. 2. p. 297 ; DC. prodr. 6. p. 52. Chrysanthemum inodo-
rum, Linn. spec.; Fl. Dan. t. 696; Schkuhr, handb. t. 253. Pyrethrum
inodorum, Smith, fl. Brit. 2. p. 900 ; Engl. hot. t. 676; Hook. ! fi. Bor.-Am.
l .p . 320.
p.1 nana: stem simple, with a solitary head.—Pyrethrum inodorum /3.
nanum, Hook.! 1. c., 8f hot. Beechey, p. 126. P. Caucasicum, Willd. ex
Less. Chrysanthemum grandiflorum, Hook. ! in Parry's 2nd voy. p. 398.
“ Lake Huron, Dr. Todd." York Factory, Drummond; and as far north
as Bear Lake, Richardson! (3. Shores and islands of the Arctic sea,
Richardson ! Chamisso." Hook.—We are not well satisfied that the American
plant is the same as the European M. inodora, or that it is an annual.
§ 2. Heads discoid, rayless: pappus none, or an obscure entire margin:
corolla of the disk i-toothed, obcompressed, and more or less 2-winged.
—A nactidea, DC. (Lepidotheca, Nutt.)
2. M. discoidea (DC.! 1. c .) : branched from the base, glabrous, leafy;
leaves 2-3-pinnately parted ; the lobes short, linear, acute ; heads (small) on
short peduncles ; scales of the involucre oval, with broad white scarious margins
; rays none ; pappus an obsolete coroniform margin ; receptacle acutely
conical.—M. tanacetoides, Fisch. &f Meyer, 7th ind. sem. St. Pelersb.
Santolina suaveolens, Pursh ! fi. 2. p. 520; DC. prodr. 6. p. 37. Artemisia
matricarioides, Less, in Linnaa, 6. p. 210. Tanacetum matricarioides, Less,
syn. p. 265. T.? suaveolens, Hook.! fi. Bor.-Am. 1.p .3 27,1.110. T.pau-
ciflorum, DC. prodr. 6. p. 131; not of Richards. Cotula matricarioides,
Bongard, veg. Sitcha, in mem. acad. St. Pelersb. 1. c. p. 150. Lepidotheca
suaveolens, Nutt. ! in trans. Amer. phil. soc. (n. ser.) 7. p. 397.
Western America from California! to Unalaschka! Sitcha! and the adjacent
parts of Asia. Also in barren places around St. Louis, Missouri, Dr.
Engelmann! perhaps introduced, as Nuttall states it was raised in a garden
at Philadelphia from seeds brought by Capt. Lewis. May-July.—An inconspicuous
weed-like plant; “ with nearly the receptacle, involucre, and
achenia of M. suaveolens.” The achenia of this species, and of M. Cham-
omilla, although appearing perfectly smooth under an ordinary lens, when
moistened emit from their whole surface innumerable filaments of extreme
tenuity, forming a kind of gelatinous mass, much as in Blennosperma,
p. 272.
M. Chamomilla (Linn.), which abounds in waste grounds in Europe, and possessing
to some extent the bitter and aromatic properties of the officinal Chammomile, is
sometimes substituted for it, under the name of Wild Chammomile, has been collected
in Texas (“ Bottom land on the Brazos”) by Dr. Lindheimer: doubtless introduced,
and perhaps very locally naturalized.
Pyrethrum Parthenium (the Feverfew) has escaped from gardens, and is beginning
to be naturalized in some places.
P. serotinum, Linn., which has been in cultivation for a long period, is doubtless
not of North American origin.
Chrysanthemum? nanum (Hook.): stem somewhat branched, clothed with loose
deciduous wool; leaves pinnatifid; the segments linear and entire; heads terminal,
solitary; achenia obovate-oblong, minutely papillose (receptacle naked, convex; rays
8-10, entire, apparently white; scales of the involucre elliptical.) Hook. fi. Bor.-
Am. 1. p. 320.
North West Coast of America, Menzies.—A plant of doubtful genus, 3-5 inches
high; the head about the size of a Daisy. Hook.
Div. 3. C o t u i e j s & A r t e m i s i e a : , DC.—Receptacle naked
(not chaffy.) Heads discoid, homogamous or heterogamous; the flowers all
tubular; those of the disk perfect, but sometimes infertile.
154. AROMIA. Nutt, in trans. Amer. phil. soc. (n. ser.) 7. p. 395.
Heads discoid, heterogamous ; the flowers all tubular ; the 4 or 5 marginal
pistillate, with the corolla obliquely truncate and 2-3-toothed; the others