112. A . nemoralis (Ait.): scabrous-puberulent; stem very leafy, slender,
simple or corymbose at the summit; leaves somewhat rigid, lanceolate or
linear, sessile, spreading, scabrous above, the revolute margins sometimes
obscurely 2—4 toothed; those of the slender simple branches or peduncles
subulate; rays large.—Ait. Kew. (ed. 1) 3. p. 198; Willd. spec. 3. p.
2021 ; N u tt.! gen. 2. p. 154. A. uniflorus, Michx.! fi. 2. p. 110 (stem
simple). A. ledifolius, Pursh ! Jl. 2. p . 544. A. Greenei, Nees ! mss. in
herb. Am . <$• Hook. Galatella nemoralis, Nees, Ast. p. 173 ; Hook.! Jl.
Bor.-Am. 2. p. 15 ; DC..' prodr. 5. p. 257; Nutt.! in trans. Amer. phil.
soc. (n. ser.) 7. p. 303.
Bogs and wet places, Newfoundland, Pylaie ! Dr. Morrison ! Mr. Carmack
! Nova Scotia (ex Ait.) and Canada (from Lake Mistassins, Michaux !)
to Boston, Dr. B. D. Greene ! and swamps in the pine barrens of New Jersey
! Aug.-Oct.—Stem 1—2 feet high, fragile, sometimes simple and bearing
a solitary head, usually with several simple and often flexuous nearly
naked branches, each terminated by a head, rarely branching above. Leaves
pale green, 10 to 20 lines long and 2 to 4 wide, usually acutish at each end,
and tipped with a callous gland-like point; the upper surface nearly veinless
; the lower with a prominent midrib and several rather strong primary
veins, sprinkled (under a lens) with very numerous and minute resinous
globules. Heads rather large, showy; the peduncle thickened at the base
of the involucre, giving the latter a somewhat turbinate appearance. Scales
of the involucre minutely pubescent, acute ; the inner appressed, often purplish.
Rays rather broadly linear, 8-10 lines long, pale lilac-purple, elongated
; the disk-flowers pale yellow, slightly longer than the pappus. Branches
of the style in the rays stigmatose throughout their whole length; the
achenia of the ray-flowers fertile in all the specimens we have examined.
* * * Scales o f the broadly hemispherical involucre loosely imbricated in about 2 series,
oblong or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, carinate below, herbaceous, with scarious margins
; the irnier about the length o f the disk, the exterior rather shorter: “ receptacle
fla t, alveolate" (Nutt.): appendages o f the style lanceolate, acute: achenia oblong,
compressed, densely silky: pappus o f copious rather rigid unequal bristles, about the
length o f the corolla o f the disk: root or caudex woody, bearing numerous dwarf
mostly simple stems, terminating in a naked peduncle: heads large, solitary: leaves
thidcish, entire, somewhat 3-nerved, mucronulate; the lower linear-spabulate; the
uppermost linear-lanceolate. (Xylorhiza, Nutt!)
W e find no important character to distinguish the Xylorhiza of Nuttall from the
group to which Calimeris Altaica, Nees, C. Tartarica, Lindt. Sec. belong; except
that the appendages of the style are narrower.
113. A . Xylorhiza: leaves and scales of the involucre canescently somewhat
villous or tomentose, tipped with a rigid mucronate point; peduncle
elongated.—Xylorhiza villosa, Nu tt.! in trans. Amer. phil. soc. In. ser.)
7. p. 298.
Arid argillaceous tracts in the Rocky Mountains, and on rocks towards
the sources of the Platte, Nuttall!—Root long, fusiform, perpendicular:
stems 4-6 inches high, minutely pubescent. Leaves 1-2 inches long, spatu-
late or linear-spatulate, 2-3 lines wide towards the apex, tapering to the
base. Peduncle usually solitary, 1-3 inches long. Involucre about half an
inch in diameter; the scales ovate-lanceolate, with a very stout keel or midnerve,
and broad scarious margins (especially the innermost), tapering into a
cuspidate point. Rays 15 or more, large, much longer than the disk, “ pale
red.” (Nutt.) Pappus brownish, somewhat strongly scabrous.—The (tomentose
rather than villous) pubescence appears as if deciduous, in which
case it will probably be difficult to distinguish this species from the following.
114. A. glabriusculus: lower leaves pubescent; the upper nearly glabrous,
linear-lanceolate, acute; peduncles solitary or 3-5 together, short.—
Xylorhiza glabriuscula, Nutt. ! 1. c. p. 297.
With the preceding, Nuttall!—The lower leaves (about 2 inches long,
linear-spatulate, are sparsely clothed with a similar pubescence as the preceding;
and the scales of the involucre are nearly glabrous, with more membranaceous
points: the scarious margins are somewhat denticulate-ciliate in
both. The rays are said to be pale rose-color.
* * * * Scales o f the bwbinate-campcmulate involucre, regularly imbricated in 3 to 4
series, ovate, concave, somewhat carinate (acute or obtuse); the innermost about the
length o f the- disk; the exterior successively shorter, but similar: alpeoli o f the receptacle
lacerate: appendages o f the style lanceolate-, acute: achenia oblong, compressed,
villous: pappus copious, rather longer than the corolla; the bristles v/nequal, a few o f
the longest often obscurely thickened towards the summit: stems severed from a woody
root, simple, very leafy: leaves lanceolate, entire, somewhat rig id : heads (rather small)
in contracted corymbs. (Eucephalus, Nutt., excl. spec. no. 2 & 4.)
Mr. Nuttall’s first species, Eucephalus elegans, is much more allied to the third,
E. (§ Lagatea) glaucus, than to his E. albus. The fourth, E. ericoides, is a Diplo-
pappus. The two plants here retained, if we except their fertile rays and narrow
appendages to the style, accord in habit and character with such impunctate species
of Galatella as G. Rauptii and G. leptophylla; both of which, it may be remarked,
but especially the former, have the innermost series of the pappus much more evidently
clavate than E. elegans, Nutt.
115. A . elegans: stems minutely puberulent; leaves narrowly lanceolate,
closely sessile, pale, minutely scabrous, especially the margins, somewhat
3-nerved; heads in a contracted corymb ; scales of the obovate-turbinate involucre
ovate, acute, pubescent, with ciliate-fringed margins; rays few (6 or
7, Nutt, to 10).—Eucephalus elegans, Nutt. ! in trans. Amer. phil. soc. (n.
ser.) 7. p. 298.
Plains of the Oregon, and in the Blue Mountains, Nuttall! Sept.-Oct.—
Stems 2-3 feet high, clothed with numerous erect leaves, which are 1 to 2
inches long and 4 to 6 lines wide, gradually becoming smaller towards the
summit of the stem, with scabrous margins; the surfaces also minutely
scabrous with close hairs and obscure dots. Scales of the involucre rigid,
pale, tinged with purple; the narrow scarious margins densely laciniate-
fringed under a lens; the inner rather shorter than the disk. “ Rays pale
purple,” (Nutt.); the disk-flowers 15-20. Appendages of the anthers narrowly
lanceolate. Bristles of the pappus unequal; the inner series very
obscurely thickened towards the apex.
116. A. glaucus: very smooth, pale and somewhat glaucous; stem often
branching above; leaves oblong-linear, closely sessile, 1-nerved, reticulate
veined ;-heads in contracted corymbs, or somewhat racemose; scales of
the campanulate involucre oval, obtuse, glabrous, slightly ciliate; the innermost
lanceolate, membranaceous, acute, as long as the disk; “ rays about
14,” Nutt.—Eucephalus (§ Lagatea) glaucus, Nutt.! 1. c. p. 299.
Rocky Mountains, about lat. 42°, and towards the sources of the Platte,
Nuttall!—Stem 12 to 18 inches high. Leaves 2 to 3 inches long, and 4 to
6 lines wide, somewhat coriaceous, both sides of a similar pale hue; the
margins scarcely scabrous; the lowest narrowed at the base. Heads rather
smaller, and the scales of the involucre fewer than in the preceding, pale.
Ovaries minutely pubescent. Bristles of the pappus not at all thickened at
the apex.—Manifestly allied to the preceding : our specimens are immature,
with the rays undeveloped.