the margins scabrous ; the lower serrate ; scales of the involucre loosely imbricated,
linear-subulate. Nees.— Willd. enum. 2. p. 887; Nees, Ast. p. 91 ;
DC. prodr. 5. p. 239. A. lanceolatus, Willd. spec. 3. p. 2050 ? (a species
of doubtful origin, perhaps not American), and of North American authors ?
Darl™gt- •' ft- Cest. p . 467 ; not of Ait. 1 A. sstivus, Ait. 1
W illd . /
p . stem diffusely branched ; the branches pubescent in lines, often elongated
and diverging; heads (variable but mostly rather large) racemose-scattered ;
scales of the involucre linear, acute, (rays blue or nearly white).__A. recurvatus,
Nees, Ast. p. 93 ? A. Novi-Belgii var. minor, Boott! in herb. Hook.
-A. divergeus (partly), Lindl. ! in herb. Hook. A. obliquus (partly), Lindl.
m herb. Hook.
y. heads (middle-sized) in dense or contracted axillary racemes which are
shorter than the cauline leaves; otherwise as in /3.
, stem tall (4-6 feet high) erect; the branches hirsute or pubescent, often
m lines; heads (pretty large) loosely racemose or somewhat paniculate
towards the extremity of the branchlets; rays blue.
e. stem 1—2 feet high, pubescent in lines above; heads numerous or crowded
on the short branchlets, small; rays pale blue or bluish-white.
Wet banks of streams and margins of swamps, Canada ! and nearly
throughout the United States! a. 6. 6c e. Common in the Northern and Middle
States! /?. Ohio! Kentucky! &c. common, y. Ohio, Mr. Lea ! Aug.-
9 ct* polymorphous and widely diffused species (not happily named
A. simplex), much resembling the A. salignus of Europe, as Nees remarks,
particularly the larger-flowered forms. Probably some species founded on
plants long cultivated iu European gardens have been derived from it; and
perhaps A. obliquus, Nees, is among the number. Some states are, moreover,
very near our A. tenuifolius y. bellidiflorus ; and our var. e. closely
approaches A. Tradescanti, but has larger heads, and broader as well as
more deeply serrated lower leaves— The leaves are 1 to 4 inches long, 3-10
lines wide, tapering to an acuminate point, glabrous and smooth on both
sides, or the upper surface scabrous towards the margins, which are eiliolate-
scabrous; the lower serrate in the middle with small and sharp or mucfonate
teeth, narrowed to the base, sessile or slightly clasping; the uppermost and
those of tlie branches mostly entire. Scales of the obovoid involucre more
or less unequal,' loosely imbricated, narrow, acute; the tips often a little
spreading. Disk flowers at length turning brownish or purplish. Achenia
minutely pubescent.
51. A . tenuifolius (Linn.): nearly glabrous; stem paniculate-compound,
or the branchlets and (rather small) beads often slightly racemose ; leaves
narrowly lanceolate or lanceolate-linear, mostly elongated, attenuate-acuminate,
the margin scabrous; the lower ones usually sharply serrate in the
middle ; those of the branches and branchlets entire, attenuate, proportioned ;
scales of the hemispherical involucre numerous, linear or subulate-linear,
acute, closely imbricated, or the points somewhat spreading, the innermost
nearly as long as the disk; rays rather short.—Linn, spec. 2. p. 873 (at
least as to syn. P lu k .); Nees, Ast. p. 119; D C . ! prodr. 5. p. 245. A. Ameri-
canus Belvidere foliis, 6cc. Pluk. dim. p. 56, t. 78, f . 5. A. polyphyllus,
Willd. enum. 2. p. 888, fide Nees. A. junceus, Pursh, jl. 2. p. 557 ; (Ell.
sk. 2. p. 356 ?) Nees, synops. p . 26, fide Nees. A. Tradescanti (partly
Lindl. ! in herb. Hook. yh
p. ramosissimus : paniculately much branched ; the branches and branch-
lets rigid, somewhat erect, roughish-pubescent; leaves often scabrous ; scales
of the involucre more closely imbricated and numerous, linear-subulate.__
A. tenuifolius, (Linn. I. c. ?) Lindl. ! in herb. Hook. A. tenuifolius y. Nees.
Ast.p . 120.
y. bellidiflorus: paniculate-compound, rather strict; the branchlets and
heads often somewhat racemose; leaves smooth, or frequently scabrous
above ; scales of the involucre narrowly linear, acute, loosely imbricated.—
A. bellidiflorus, Willd. enum. 2. p. 886 ; Nees, Ast. p. 97 ; DC. prodr. 5.
p. 240 ; Lindl. ! in Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. 2. p. 11. A. angustus & rigidulus,
Nees, synops. p. 26, p. 29.--*-Varies: 1. Leaves narrowly lanceolate or
linear, elongated, nearly entire : 2. Leaves shorter and usually entire ; heads
smaller. (A. dracunculoides, Willd. spec. 3. p. 2050, enum. 1. c., fide
Nees. (v. sp. hort. Berol.) A. leucanthemos, “ Desf. cat. hort. Par. ed. 3.
p. 401” ; Nees, Ast. p. 95 ; DC. 1. c. ; not of Raf. A. bellidiflorus, Nees,
synops. p. 21. A. artemisiaeflorus, Poir. suppl. 1. p. 500.) : 3. Lower
leaves rather broadly lanceolate, sharply and often coarsely serrate, or sometimes
nearly entire.
Low or moist soil, Canada (y. from the Sasltatchawan!) and Northern
States! to the upper districts of N. Carolina. Aug.-Oct.—Stem 2-4 feet
high, usually rather stout and rigid ; the branches often pubescent, especially
in lines. Cauline leaves varying from 24 to 5 or even 6 inches in length
(those of the branches very gradually reduced in size), narrowed at the base,
tapering above to a long attenuate very sharp point, scabrous-ciliolate under
a lens, of a rather firm texture, with a strong midrib, the veinlets copiously
and conspicuously reticulated beneath. Heads about middle-sized (larger
than in A. miser); the scales of the involucre acute or acuminate, somewhat
ciliate; the exterior often greenish throughout, the others with short green
tips. Rays numerous, considerably longer than the disk (which sometimes
turns purplish), pale purple or nearly white, usually assuming a deeper
tint before fading.
52. A. carneus (Nees): glabrous, or the strict racemose branches somewhat
pubescent in lines ; leaves uniform, entire or nearly so, narrowly lanceolate,
mucronate-acuminate, slightly scabrous above, with serrulate-scabrous
margins; the lower more or less attenuate towards the base; the upper
shorter and partly clasping; heads (middle-sized) racemose towards the
summit of the leafy branches; involucre obovate, manifestly shorter than
the disk ; the scales unequal, lanceolate, abruptly acute, closely imbricated;
rays rather large.—Nees, synops. p. 26, 6y Ast. p. 96; L in d l.! in herb.
Hook. A. laxifolius y. carneus, Lindl. in DC. prodr. 5. p. 236. A. obliquus,
DC. ! prodr. 5. p. 237, partly.—Varies, with the heads few and nearly
sessile, on short leafy branches, which are aggregated in a compact raceme.
(A. salicifolius, Muhl. ! in herb. Ell., partly.)
f . p . subasper: racemosely much branched; the branches usually very numerous,
rather strict and rigid, puberulent, bearing numerous densely racemose
heads; leaves minutely scabrous above ; those of the branches shorter,
oblong-linear or lanceolate,—A. subasper, L in d l.! in Hook, compan. to bot.
mag. 1. p. 97, Sf in DC. prodr. 5. p. 237.—Varies: 1. Exterior scales of
the involucre somewhat spatulate-linear, obtuse or abruptly and very slightly
acute : 2. Stem densely racemose-compound at the summit; leaves of
the branches and branchlets very short. (Louisiana, Dr. Leavenworth!)
A state of the plant with short leaves and smaller heads scattered along the
slender branches connects it with our var. y.
y. ambiguus: heads racemose along the branches, somewhat scattered,
on short peduncles ; involucre conspicuously shorter than the disk ; cauline
leaves elongated, rather broadly lanceolate, much attenuate at each end,
sometimes sharply serrate in the middle; those of the branches nearly as
in var. a.
Moist soil, Massachusetts, (near Boston, Dr. Boott!) to Pennsylvania,
Muhlenberg ! Schweinitz ! and Ohio, Dr. Riddell ! Mr. Sullivant! /?. St.
Louis, Missouri, Drummond ! Indiana, Dr. Clapp ! Louisiana, Dr. Leavenworth!
y. Ohio, Dr. Paddock! Sept.-Oct.—Cauline leaves (numerous)
usually 2 to 3 or 4 inches long, of the same firm texture as in the preceding,