CONSPECTUS OF TH E GENEKA.
* Receptacle not chaffy.
158. G n a ph a l igm . Headsheterogamous; the central flowers perfect, the marginal
filiform. Pappus all capillary.
159. A ntennaria. Heads dioecious. Pappus of the sterile flowers clavate or
thickened at the apex.
* * Receptacle chaffy, except in the centre.
160. F ilago. Heads heterogamous; the exterior flowers pistillate, filiform, subtended
by the chaff of the receptacle (which is similar to the scales of
the involucre), destitute of pappus; the central furnished with
pappus.
158. GNAPHALIUM. Linn. (excl. spec.); Don, in trans. Wern. sec.
5. p. 263 ; Endl. gen. p. 447.
Heads many-flowered, heterogamous ; the flowers all tubular; the exterior
pistillate, very slender, mostly in several series; the central perfect.
Scales of the involucre imbricated, appressed, scarious or somewhat hyaline.
Receptacle flat, naked. Style 2-cleft. Achenia somewhat terete, or more
or less obcompressed. Pappus a single series of setiform or capillary scabrous
bristles.—Herbs, or rarely suffruticose plaDts, mostly woolly or tomen-
tose; with sessile or decurrent leaves, and glomerate, corymbose, or spicate
heads. Scales of the involucre variously colored.
§ 1. Pistillate flowers in several series, frequently more numerous than ike perfect:
achenia somewhat terete.—E ugnaphalium, DC.
* Leaves decurrent: scales of the involucre not yellow.
1. G. decurrens (Ives): stem stout, branched at the summit, clothed with
a viscid pubescence; leaves linear-lanceolate, partly clasping, decurrent,
mucronate-acute, granular-viscid and slightly scabrous above, the lower
surface like the branches densely whitish-tomentose; heads subsessile,
in dense corymbose clusters, on short leafy and very woolly branches;
the scales of the yellowish-white scarious involucre oval, rather acute;
achenia minutely scabrous.—Ives! in Sill. jour. 1. p. 380, t. 1 ; Torr.I
compend. p. 288 ; Beck! hot. p. 178 ; Hook.fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 328; DC.!
prodr. 6. p. 226.
Hills and fields, Canada and Northern States, from Massachusetts! and
Vermont! to New Jersey !—Aug.-Sept.— H Stem about 2 feet high.
2. G. Califomicum (DC.): stem herbaceous, erect, arachnoid-tomentose,
somewhat glandular below ; leaves linear-lanceolate, acuminate, somewhat
decurrent, glandular-puberulent and viscid both sides (the lower surface often
clothed with a deciduous wool); heads in dense clusters; scales of the silvery-
white scarious involucre oval or oblong, mostly obtuse.—DC. ! 1. c. p. 224 ;
N u tt.! in trans. Amer. phil. soc. (n. ser.) 7. p. 403. G. decurrens, Less,
in Linncea, 6. p . 525 ; Hook. &p Am . hot, Beechey, p . 151, 8f suppl. p . 359 ;
not of Ives.
f). ? scales of the involucre pale purple.—G. Sprengelii /?. erubescens,
Nutt. 1. c.
California, Chamisso, Douglas! Nuttall! See. April-May.— (T) Nutt.
Perhaps too near the preceding.
4. G. Sprengelii (Hook. <fc Am .): herbaceous; leaves clothed with white
wool on both sides; the lower spatulate, the upper linear; those of the branches
somewhat decurrent; corymbs axillary and terminal, glomerate, pedunculate,
of few heads ; scales of the silvery and slightly brownish involucre oblong,
scarcely acute, shining.—Hook. <y Am. hot. Beechey, p . 150. G. Chi-
lense, Spreng. syst. 3. p. 480 ; Less, in Linncea, 6. p. 525. G. decurrens fi.
Hook. ! fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 328. G. iuteo-album 0. occidentale, Nutt.! in
trans. Amer. phil. soc. 1. c.
fi. smaller; heads in a simple capitate cluster.—G. Iuteo-album, Hook. !
fl. Bor.-Am. 1. c.
California! and Oregon! apparently common. (1)—Near G. Vira-vira of
Chili. We know not how to distinguish the smaller states of this species
from G. Iuteo-album, except that the heads are larger, and the achenia perfectly
smooth under a lens, instead of minutely tuberculate. The involucre is
often slightly yellowish.
* * Leaves not deewrrent: scales of the involucre never yellow: heads corymhose-clustered.
5. G.polycephalum (Michx.): erect; leaves linear-oblanceolate, tapering
at the base, with undulate margins, mucronate-acute, nearly glabrous or
pubescent-scabrous above, woolly-tomentose beneath, as well as the stem ;
heads clustered at the extremity of the paniculate-corymbose branches, ovate-
conical before expansion, then obovate ; scales of the scarious ochroleucous
involucre ovate and oblong, rather obtuse ; perfect flowers few.—Michx. ! fl.
2. p. 127 ; Pursh, fl. 2. p. 584 ; Ell. sk. 2. p. 325 ; Hook. ! fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p .
328; Darlingt.! fl. Cest. p. 494 ; DC. ! prodr. 6. p. 227. G. obtusifolium,
Linn. spec. ed. 2. p. 1198 (pi. Gronov.!); W illd.! spec. 3. p. 1880. G.
conoideum, Lam. diet. 2. p. 775.
/3. stem villous-pubescent with viscid hairs ; leaves varying from lanceolate
to narrowly oblong.
Old fields and woods, Canada! to Louisiana! and Texas! common.
Aug.-Sept.—(l) Plant fragrant, 1-2 feet high.
6. G. uliginosum (Linn.) : low, woolly, diffusely branched; leaves lanceolate
linear, tapering at the base, tomentose on both sides, especially the
uppermost; heads in terminal and sessile capitate clusters, subtended by
leaves; scales of the involucre oblong, rather obtuse, scarious, often brownish
; achenia smooth.—Linn. spec. 2. p. 856 ; Fl. Dan. t. 859; Engl. hot. t.
1194 ; Michx. ! fl. 2. p. 127 ; Pursh, l. c .; Hook.! fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p . 329 ;
Darlingt. ! 1. c .; DC. ! prodr. 6. p. 230.
fl. achenia minutely, hispid-scabrous.—G. pilulare, Wahl. fl. Lapp. p.
205, t . 13 1 (Less, in Linncea, 6. p. 525.)
Common in low grounds throughout the Northern, Middle, and Western
States! and Newfoundland! Canada! Saskatchewan! Oregon! and California.
July-Sept.— (l) Plant 4-6 inches high.—The forms with smooth
and scabrous achenia appear to be equally abundant, and are undistinguish-
able, except by this character. The latter also occurs in Siberia, fide Ledeh.
fl. Alt. 4. p. 57.—Marsh Cudweed.
7. G.palustre (Nutt.) : low, very woolly; stem erect, branching; leaves
spatulate-oblong or nearly linear, acute, tomentose both sides ; heads crowded
in terminal capitate very woolly clusters, which are leafy at the base; scales
of the involucre whitish or brownish, scarious, linear, obtuse; achenia very
minutely scabrous.—Nutt.! in trans. Amer.phil. soc. l.c .p . 403.
/3. achenia perfectly smooth and glabrous.