There are naso-maxillary, ethmo-maxillary, intermaxillary, rostro-palatine, rostro-nasal, rostro-
maxillary, vomero-palatine, lachrymo-palatine and maxillo-mandibular ligaments, as in Scorpaena.
And, in addition to these ligaments, there were, in the large specimen of Sebastes th a t was p articularly
examined, other well-developed ligamentous or fibrous bands th a t were n o t evident in the fibrous
and connective tissue th a t, in th e smaller specimens of Scorpaena th a t were examined, connected
th e several bones. One of these fibrous bands extended from th e dorso-anterior edge of th e ascending
process of th e maxillary to th e mesial surface of th e maxillary process of th e palatine; and, lying
on th e dorsal surface of this wide band, a flat ligament extended from th e same point to th e anterior
edge of the lachrymal. Another ligament extended from th e proximal end of th e shank of the
maxillary into th e angle between th e ascending and maxillary processes of th e premaxillary, binding
these two bones together in th e region of the ir articular surfaces. The naso-maxillary ligament, in
this fish, spreads a t its anterior end, and is there inserted p a rtly on th e anterior edge of th e lachrymal
as well as on th e ligamentary process of th e maxillary.
The frontal has a ventral flange as in Scorpaena.
The alisphenoid has slight ridges on its outer surface which represent those two little processes
of the bone of Scorpaena th a t form, in th a t fish, ossified portions of the parasphenoid leg of th e bone.
The bone is traversed by a canal which transmits th e nerve th a t innervates th e terminal or sixth
organ of th e supraorbital canal, this canal beginning on th e outer surface of th e skull in the sutural
line between the alisphenoid and prootic, and from there running upward in th e alisphenoid to about
th e middle point of the bone, where it opens into th e cranial cavity.
The trigemino-facialis chamber and related nerves are as in Scorpaena. On th e outer surface
of the prootic, immediately ventral to th e trigemino-facialis chamber, th e dorsal end of th e first
infrapharyngobranchial is strongly attached by fibrous tissues. The pedicle of th e basisphenoid is
straight, instead of being strongly curved. The myodome has prootic and basioccipital portions,
and opens posteriorly onto th e ventral surface of th e basioccipital. The sphenotic is perforated,
from its orbital face, by th e oticus canal, this canal crossing th e mesial end of the dilatator fossa
and transmitting the oticus lateralis accompanied b y a more slender nerve which runs backward
into th e temporal fossa. The dilatator fossa is relatively larger th a n in Scorpaena, b u t has no appreciable
roof excepting along its anterior edge where it is roofed by th e small postfrontal bone.
The dorsal surface of the pterotic is deeply excavated by th e main infraorbital canal, th e
section of canal th a t is related to it being roofed only by a single narrow and delicate bridge of bone.
Anterior to this bridge, and lying p a rtly on th e sphenotic and pa rtly on th e frontal, there is a large
groove which lodges those portions of th e main infraorbital and supraorbital canals th a t adjoin their
point of anastomosis. Posterior to th e pterotic bridge, between it and th e anterior edge of th e lateral
extrascapular, there is a smaller, b u t still relatively large opening which is th e latero-sensory opening
between th e pterotic and lateral extrascapular. The narrow pterotic bridge, and th e narrow pterotic
edges of the large groove th a t lodges the main infraorbital canal represent all there is of the outer,
dorsal surface of th e dermo-pterotic.
The lateral extrascapular is a delicate bone th a t covers a p a rt only of th e temporal fossa.
I t is traversed by the main infraorbital and supratemporal canals, both of which canals are large.
The main infraorbital canal lies mainly in a deep groove on th e lateral edge of th e bone, the canal
being wholly enclosed, a t one point only, by a narrow bridge of bone. The anterior corner of th e
bone rests oh th e dorsal surface of the pterotic, and its posterior corner on th e dorsal surface of the
suprascapular. Elsewhere the bone is entirely suspended in dermal tissues. Between its anterior
edge and the adjoining edges of th e pterotic and parieto-extrascapular, there is a large circular opening
which leads directly into the anterior end of the temporal fossa.
The suprascapular has opisthotic and epiotic processes, th e former process resting on and
being bound by tissues to an eminence on the hind end of the opisthotic. The epiotic process rests
on th e dorsal surface of the suprascapular process of th e epiotic, its anterior end apparently Coming
into contact with, b u t not being completely overlapped dorsally by th e hind end of th e parieto-
extrascapular. The lateral edge of th e bone is traversed by the main infraorbital canal, and gives
articulation, on its ventral surface, to the dorso-anterior corner of the supraclavicular; there
here being, as in S.corj5aena, two articular surfaces, an articular head, and a closely adjacent
articular facet.
The supraclavicular resembles th e bone of Scorpaena. Its dorsal edge is traversed by the main
infraorbital canal. Near its anterior edge, a t or about its ventral third, i t gives insertion to th e occip-
ito-supraclavicular ligament.
The parieto-extrascapular, in the two specimens examined, did not meet, in th e mid-dorsal
line, its fellow of th e opposite side. In one of these two specimens th e two bones were widely separated:
in the other, a much smaller specimen, they approached each other closely a t their antero-mesial
corners. A considerable, b u t varying portion of th e dorsal surface of th e supraoccipital thus here
comes to th e dorsal surface of the skull, and on its hind edge the median portion of th e supratemporal
commissure lies, enclosed in dermal tissues only. The hind edge of th e parieto-extrascapular overhangs
b u t slightly th e posterior surface of th e skull, giving rise to a shallow supratemporal pocket.
The supraoccipital has a spina occipitalis similar to th a t of Scorpaena, its ventral end being
held, as in Scorpaena, b u t to a less extent th an in th a t fish, between thickened process-like portions
of the exoccipitals. The posterior surface of the bone is crossed, as in Scorpaena, by what I there
described as th e hind edge of the primary skull, this edge being represented in its lateral portion
b y a strong ledge, b u t in its median portion by a low and rounded ridge.
The temporal fossa is large, and similar to th a t in Scorpaena; b u t a large circular opening
between th e pterotic, lateral extrascapular and parieto-extrascapular leads from it onto the dorsal
surface of th e skull.
The epiotic, opisthotic, exoccipital, and basioccipital are similar to those bones in Scorpaena.
The exoccipital has a mesial process on its cerebral surface, as in Scorpaena. The prootic, in the
specimen used for illustration, was perforated, on one side, by two small foramina lying immediately
beneath the trigemino-facialis chamber, due doubtless to wear or to defects in the bone.
The bulla acustica is large, and in the angle th a t marks its dorsal boundary there are separate
glossopharyngeus and vagus foramina, the glossopharyngeus foramen lying in the exoccipital on
one side of th e specimen examined in this connection, b u t in th e sutural line between th a t bone and
the prootic on the other side of the specimen. Posterior to the vagus foramen, th e exoccipital is
pierced by a foramen for the occipital nerves, as in Scorpaena.
The infraorbital chain of bones includes a lachrymal, two suborbitals and two postorbitals.
The lachrymal and two suborbitals correspond to th e sames bones of Scorpaena, b u t they are much
narrower and more delicate th an in th a t fish. The two postorbitals are delicate semicylindrical bones
th a t extend from the dorsal edge of the second suborbital to the ventral edge of the postfrontal and
bound the hind edge of th e orbit. They transmit the main infraorbital canal from th e second sub-
Zoologlca. Heft 57. j j