th e posterior root of the same nerve. Running forward, and soon separating, each root swells slightly
into an elongated intracranial ganglion, from which th e lateralis trigemini and lateralis facialis nerves
respectively arise.
In th e other fishes of th e group the roots and ganglia of the complex conform closely to those
in Scorpaena, excepting only in the number and arrangement of the bundles of fibers th a t arise from
th e communis ganglion. In the one specimen of Lepidotrigla th a t was examined, all of these la tte r
fibers arose from the ganglion as a single bundle which immediately separated into two parts, both
of which traversed th e facialis foramen and entered th e trigemino-facialis chamber. One of these
two parts is the palatinus facialis which turns forward in th e trigemino-facialis chamber and issues
through the trigeminus opening of th a t chamber. The other p a rt separates into two bundles as soon
as i t enters th e chamber, one of these bundles joining th e trigeminus nerves and containing all the
communis fibers destined to those nerves, while th e other bundle contains the fibers destined to
Jacobson’s anastomosis and the truncus hyoideo-mandibularis facialis. In Dactylopterus one bundle
of fibers traverses th e trigeminus foramen, and another th e facialis foramen, th e la tte r bundle separa
ting into three parts, the facialis branch to Jacobson’s anastomosis, the ramus palatinus and the
communis component of the truncus hyoideo-mandibularis facialis.
The fact th a t all of th e communis fibers destined to th e nervus trigeminus issue from th e cranial
cavity, in Lepidotrigla, by the facialis foramen might be considered as evidence in favor of the
assumption th a t the communis fibers of th e V—V II complex of th a t fish all belong to th e nervus
facialis; b u t it must not be overlooked th a t th e fibers destined to th e trigeminus all issue from the
trigemino-facialis chamber by the trigeminus opening of th a t chamber, the fibers th a t issue through
th e facialis opening of th e chamber all going to th e nervus facialis. I t is also to be noted th a t on one
side of th e 55 mm Scorpaena, and also on one side of the ad u lt Scorpaena used for figure 28, a condition
is found th a t is intermediate to th a t found on th e other side of those two specimens and to th a t
found in Lepidotrigla. These differences in th e course of these fibers would all be explained b y the
assumption th a t the entire trigemino-facialis ganglionic complex was, in th e immediate ancestor or
ancestors of all teleosts, enclosed in a trigemino-facialis chamber in th e cranial wall, as it actually
is in Amia, and th a t th e perforations of th e inner wall of this chamber are n o t necessarily of segmental
importance. B u t while there is much in favor of these assumptions it is to be noted: th a t
in the Plagiostomata, according to Stannius, (’49, p. 32), the ganglion of his third root of the trigemino-
facialis complex is always extracranial, while the ganglion of his first root, is intracranial; and th a t
in Petromyzon, according to Johnston (’05 b), th e ganglion of the facialis has its general cutaneous
and communis components intracapsular, b u t its lateralis components extracapsular in position;
an d th a t the descriptions lead one to conclude, although it is not definitely so stated, th a t th e ganglion
of th e trigeminus is extracapsular.
b. T r u n c u s C i l i a r i s P r o f u n d i .
The truncus ciliaris profundi is th e only nerve th a t arises from the profundus ganglion. Running
forward in th e cranial cavity it usually issues, in Scorpaena, through a special foramen in the prootic,
b u t in two instances it was found traversing th e oculomotorius foramen with th e oculomotorius.
In Cottus, Trigla and Lepidotrigla, in all th e specimens examined, it issued through a foramen th a t
lies close to th e trigeminus and facialis foramina, these two la tte r foramina lying, th e former
dorso-anterior to the la tte r and th e profundus lying between and immediately anterior to them.
In small specimens of Dactylopterus th e ciliaris profundi issues through the large trigeminus
foramen.
According to Stannius (’49, p. 38), th e ciliaris profundi of teleosts perforates the „Keilbein-
fliigel“ (alisphenoid), b u t this certainly is n o t tru e of any of the mail-cheeked fishes I have examined,
nor of Scomber, in all of which fishes it perforates the prootic.
In Cottus, Trigla and Lepidotrigla, as in Ophiodon (Allen, ’05), th e truncus ciliaris profundi
is accompanied, in its passage through its foramen, by th e encephalic branch of th e jugular vein.
In Dactylopterus and Scorpaena, th a t vein traverses th e trigeminus foramen, associated with the
truncus profundi in Dactylopterus, b u t n o t in Scorpaena.
In Scorpaena, the ciliaris profundi receives, immediately after issuing from the skull, a branch
from th e large sympathetic ganglion associated with the trigeminus, and then separates into its two
parts, the ciliaris longus and th e radix longa. The ciliaris longus is much the thicker nerve of the
two, and running upward and forward, dorsal to the rectus externus and posterior and somewhat
parallel to th e rectus superior, pierces th e eyeball between th a t muscle and the rectus externus. The
radix longa continues onward n e a r'th e nervus oculomotorius and soon enters the ciliary ganglion;
this la tte r ganglion also receiving, on both sides of th e adult specimen used for figure 28, an independent
sympathetic strand coming from th e trigeminus sympathetic ganglion. This la tte r strand
was n o t evident in the sections. The ciliary ganglion is connected with th e oculomotorius by the
radix brevis, and from it a single nerve arises, the ciliaris brevis, which joins and accompanies the
nervus opticus and pierces th e eyeball n o t far from th a t nerve.
Ip. Lepidotrigla the ciliaris profundi, after issuing from its foramen with the encephalic vein,
tu rn s downward and forward close against the outer surface of the cranial wall, closely accompanying
th e internal jugular vein and lying, with th a t vein, immediately beneath the anterior portion of
th e trigeminus sympathetic ganglion. From the la tte r ganglion it receives a strand, and then, joining
and accompanying the nervus oculomotorius, separates into its two portions shortly before it reaches
the ciliary ganglion. In both Cottus scorpius and Cottus octodecimospinosus, and also in Dactylopterus,
strictly similar conditions are found.
The profundus ganglion and its root, and the ciliaris longus and radix longa, are all described
by Stannius in Trigla gurnardus and Trigla hirundo, these two teleosts being th e only ones in which
th a t author found an independent profundus ganglion. Of Cottus (species not given) Stannius says
(’49, p. 38), th a t the ramus ciliaris arises from the trigeminus ganglion, close to the ramus ophthalmicus
trigemini; a statement certainly not tru e of either of the two species of Cottus th a t I have
examined.
In Menidia, the radix ciliaris longa of Herrick’s descriptions is simply the sympathetic strand
sent from th e trigeminus sympathetic ganglion to join the tru e radix longa, this la tte r radix being
his ramus ophthalmicus profundus.
In Petromyzon, the root of the profundus is said by Johnston (’05 b, p. 186) to contain some
lateralis fibers.
c. N e r v u s T r i g e m i n u s .
The several motor and general cutaneous branches of this nerve all have, in all th e fishes of
th e group, their apparent origin from the trigeminus ganglion, th a t ganglion lying in th e trigemino-
facialis chamber.