Journey to sidered as particularly disgraceful. The punishment of
the, cka, calkd by Emupeans the cangue is^geuerally
inflicted for petty crimes. It consists of an enormous
tabletuof wood with a hole in the middle,to receiyg^the
jjepki and two smaller ones for the hands of the offender.
It is,a kind of permanent, and ambulatory pillory which
the culprit is sentenced .sometimes to-wear doXi weeksr.or
months together. He is suffered, providedhis^trength
will enable him, to w alkabout; b u t h e ^ generally-gjad,
for the support o iib is awkward and degrading burden,
to lean against a wall or a tree. If a xerw5an tg i| a runner
of the ;civil magistrate takes it into, his head thafc^the,-culprit
has rested too long* he beats him with,a whip made
of leather thongs, till he rises. Plate 28 of th e ^ o lio ,^ “
lume exhibits a wretch thus loaded,, whiló-his friend is
remonstrating, and his wife and.children,soliciting an
attendant soldier to suffer him to remain at-rest a,lit.tle
longer.:: |
Instances are reported to have Happened /wh#|e an
offender has been allowed'to hire another, p.ersbr^tp>un-
dergo punishment in his room. The law, of which th e
maxifos^ ^ration^and just,;<fof|^e®fcairdy riot j l lo ^ i tj
tho the dispensers o f : it may; and- the; piety?;©!; a ^on
may, more in China than elsewhere, impel)him to .suffer
pain to save a father, from it.
The order and administration of the jails are said: to
be remarkably good. The debtor and .felon are confined
inrseparatei places^ without being’ permitted^ to» approach journey, to
eeph other, a st^ as' thou g»Hji|i$t|b;>impblitic*dnd immoral ---------
tof'a^oeiatejgmilfi^ith'ifnpiiudehce of misfortune,' b y ‘a
promiscuous impffsonment. \ tw&d l$kewise
kept clrfefuMy-apart. ^Conffnei^e^tfet^debt is^lfaly
temporary ;^but "if after the^li^e&^lSjf all a debtor’s
property to' Msncreditoi^^\th©|'demand^vagaihifchi'MIare
still unsatisfied, h<ej is liJsldgbesides^b ’wear’ a heck
yoke in publics for a certain Ipeffodlln order to induce
his family^t®- abler'-to kffii charge Th^?debt, and thus put
arinendfteyt'hg diSgrace;?t If his.iffeolyetffy'harlfb'^eolincihf:
red byjgaming^hr other improper' cftnducfc* MeTsistabjeet
to »corporal punish men t,vand exile into Tartary.' ‘
A man may sell himself in Chifna'-im ceftain.’sl^ ^A t
such; as to discharge a debft totfthlf' crown, of' to«tssi3s£i a
fatheri®•'distress'; or; dfo,d%fgd| ^oitehry^hirh in' dhe 'foifi»^
If his conduct ■inVishfyjtu'efe should be unimpeachable,
hhispsntitled' to his liberty afeithe en d |b l Twentytyears;
I f otherwise, he» cohdn.ues; a sliye7ho1|fMf4 ahi do his
children; ifh e had included them ip-'theiorigiinaf agr'e’e= ’
mentt The "Emperor’s- debtors, if fraudulently .'suchs^
are strangled-; if merely by misfortunes, their, wives and
children and'property offevery kind,’ at‘e%hl#i&id'^^^''
are-sent themselll^'to' thbnev® settlements in Tartary. rf i
In .China theitateres.ts of $he Emperor a fe .a ll^ ^m a ’ffe
the first4>hjecf. No propertyjeasn be »seeEiififiwgaiiiSfthis
claims. The preference thus-jgiven- to ; th^^ossessor of