Journey to a:.velocity that assisted in throwing the water into a re-
afooh°°" servoir dug near the iriver’s bank ; from' whefiee>it was
v .' ' " communicated, where wanted,-by smalkehtanBels. Sometimes?
ia; long pole unequally divided- in its-, length, is
made tMurn on a pivot^across an upright post. A bucket
fixed to the end of tlm. shorter lever, is easily lowered
into the river,jjand which, When-tilled, a small power;
applied to the extremity o f the longer lever, will h#suf-;
; ficient to raise .and pour its contents into the irese^voir/
notwithstanding the weightof water. Both these methods
are sketched in the engraving on the preceding page.
The inhabitants along the Pei^o bore .strong marks
of poverty in their dwellings and apparel; but their ge-^j
neral cheerfulness testified that they were not pinched
for the absolute necessaries of life ; and that they did
not consider their condition as the consequence of any
particular act o f injustice done them ; under a - sense of
whichy men are seldom tranquil. Nor was their poverty
blung tq the barrenness of their lands, Which,ftieFr’in-
dustry fertilized ; but human population was tooeKwd-
ed to admit such a portion of ground to each family as
could supply ail the comforts of life. Little of it was
reserved for rearing other animals, from a conviction,
no doubt, of what is asserted to be true by Adam Smith,
that “ a corn field of moderate fertility, produces a much
“ greater quantity of food for man, than the best pas-
“ ture o flqu a l extent; for tho its cultivation requires
;§in.eh thstt remains after Èstè.
■* . | ' , . gJSf ' tl i l l_* • ifUit-choot
^-rfeprateing the sbèd, and maintainjj&g all thafef-abpur, is
“ likewise ifïuèi$g#éiféfl’ On some small'spots* a few v- ;p:'^
sheep’ are Fed.' A .muGh'gfeaj^réumbeirjTe b ropgj^fom
Tartary, as We!l"aSvlaFgerj^ttle. buchfof the latter as
are kepbdii China,* ba-ve seaibefy aaayI d th ^ ro y e p d ^
than the. straw of ëPjn 'eut small like..chaffi^ -Ai"^r,^,
séafety’ proportion- Of-animal food serv^s^^a tp
thé^^etahlédlet^f-the Common;people. Milk^he^Ss
and buttèrj thepritieipal1 resources of pastoral lifes are
Mttle known to "the' Chïfféëê r^Jand when -it was found
that Thè '.‘gentlemen >bf thé Embassy wished to lb© supplied
with the first of those articles,, it was'pecpsjjp/y^tg
takë sonae pains to find out a persqn who .understood th,§
management of e iw s a n d who, with.fcwp? o^^tpse1 a^ j
malsjwer e put into a barge, with' p^^pprpó%rishm,'?Pt, in
Order to accompany the yScfets (tsponi thé Water-,, ,
At this-seaSoh, muehmf the crop o f 1#>'
rea,dy off the ground. , The first ppcratioii afmrv
ffie hüsbandmen^s to dig np the i?ootiwithih(^;,;and, as&
in all undertakings, th e CBin&e a r - d i l ^ y mejhod^J,
and practically feel -thé advantages accruing Ippru the cli-
visidiï of labourThe task is-performed-.agEeeablyj to.the
following regular arrangement. One man .adyan.ces in a
straight line,.aiid strikes p p auow rfstfcbblajjre'each sjde
Of him with his ho#.* A second follows tobeat olf the .earth
that kdhère^ to them, and lay «(them* a f |e ^ ^ d s .inppl^e
VOL. II. I X X