which the lifters turn. This mode was observed by the
present travellers only at Chu-san.
A small machine ;óf ïthis .kind is -worked merely by
the hand, with'the .assistance-of a trundle and simple
crank, such as are applied to a common grindstone, and
fixed to one end of the axis of the chain pump. This
last method is general throughout the empirel Every
labourer is in possession of such a portable machine.
An implement to him not less useful than a *spade to1 an
European peasant. The making of those machines gives
employment to a great number o f artificers.’
Through the whole of this shorthand jou-Mey,' not a
Spot Was seen that Was not cultivated with industry.
The soil in many places was indifferent; butjffe^peöple
w en i in proportion active in their efforts to fertilize it.
On the small terraces, the hoe served the purpose-of'a
plough in turning up the soil. Th e husbandry is èin|p-
larly nêat; not a weed to be seen. The Chinese are said
to use thèr drill plough in some of the provintei; "but
the plough which the present travellers had an opportunity
of observing, was the simplest possible. It is
drawn by a single buffalo, and managed by a single
person. It has, as appears in the engraving, page 3*63',
but one handle, and no coulter, which is deemed unnecessary,
as there is no lea-ground, and consequently
no turf to cut through in China.
Tho inns are common in the great roads of China, so
ftw. teawpHer si ip> a# e'dlifo© ughwtlS fci :o f? A e ccoti nitty $
thatv;n©#dab'talas^%tha.l?flkin'dilRvere which
Me^theugifeittfit for« ''0fiv3thellEilfbas^, in
tfiCUown hd|phy>\ It ^ g ^ tu ^ tM
upon rlhe ^banMsfpifothe ■ to
thfi/ycungamep <®fethd bxamin'e# fon rhfeif
deg^e]es>,^%wAs^n'©W'*»pihwi^d%^>f®ithe darid it
Was^quickly-i-oiid erydjyswIlhirh tl^ aW n o d ?o u s :fia»hl{rft
1 The examinations^studenMli)ridfe|ll:hsr#re
alwa^iSfipublic. dThe body ®fiam'di(i*Siw4b“ #wel'l
as^^p^senlse'jof tHK g:os?errQ'^#d chief magistr8tes''©f
the *aisteict,vWfhoftpsesrde,t must?^ ^ i a :^.rdigp®itit)n^'1;d
partiality in thje jsud ges: hS dMe?or/al> q tii^dnisi ait'pikfffnS'
se^n.e^figiy^n i;n< wtitjij®^, to thehstiididhtesl xal?in English
c(|lle^s?.vf Thftrg waards nffth®)s^whni^^b%ii% are fioi
eopfinedf toj|thei honours ofi the flia&wfe^shyi fol ’ Wfdsbe -
come thq-|«s,cending&StepS; which leadit-ockMiftili^^^''
and dignities -.of the/stofe. <' Even thosk who fijil ah’the
main, pursuit',, haye2 in theifprpsecuiibnfcofT'tff^t^li'te^
made ,suqh sfleptyirpments as fit!thferb ft#fe,eM4vocatfe.i#|6
and add? to thet gqperal mass-: of know-FeM^euh'snsiety;'1- A
method also ofadvaneemenjt sol ©pen frrallhfeslts offmehf
tennis to reeojacile them to th es^ 'weiy from' attaining
which no individual ’is /predAdedk.lTho Ike'opulent
youth have no doubt grea#^hf^cilities and better dfrpio^
voi, jr. 3 M
Canton.