B runswick.
H a m b u r g h .
BUI
I B
^Sm a l le -r
. S t a t e s .
the Englilh throng thM;falier ha¥ inc^
title of Bmnfwick. ;
Nor muft the city of Hamburgh be omitted, being,'after Vienna and •
Berlin, the third city in Germany, and- fuppofed to contain i go,boo inhabitants,
or by Hoeck’s account 95,000 ; while, no other, except
Drefden and Frankfort on the Mayn, contain more than 30,000. It'
'vvas fortified by-Charleuragne A. D.3-8p8.* The Elbe is here, including1
the, iflands, near a.mile broad; and, on the other'fide of the city, the
Alftet forms a bafoii 'chiefly ufed in parties of pleafure. The lioufes
are rather commodious than elegant^ and there :d ie< few fine ftreets, the
population being overcrowded on account of the fortifications, built-in'
the old Dutch fade, with fpacious ramparts, jj planted with trees. It is
ruled by a fenate of 37 perfoas, the foiyn.'being-aridocratic. The religion
is the Lutheran, and including the territories the clergy amount'
10 53.. . There are confiderable breweries^ aind ;worksfbr •refinfngi fu^ar,
withfomemanufatdures o f cloth.,; i Formerly; the • trade 'yhieflyconfifted
o f linens, woollens, wine, fugar^ coffee, fpicepies, metafe, :ifQbace©,.;tiin-:
ber, leather^ jcOThjadoedihfcj fufs^&c..,;: but at prefent it is the great
mart o f the commerce, o f th^ 'Tritifh ifles with the cpnfinentc The:
bank was.founded in 16 i jg ; and the. numerous, libraries do honour to
the -tafte of the inhabitants. Its chief dependencies, are the river of
Aider, the bailliage,of Ham, fome ides and lowlands on. the Elbe ; and,
befides fome diftrhds acquired from Iloldeiu, the bailli%g^4l^i^ihuty*
tel, on the north o f the dttchy of Br^neg,, including the port of flu x -1
haven, and the ifle called Neuewerk, fituated oppofite to that port.1 -
In this northern half of Germany are alfo Oldenburg, no w -a,detached
principality, poffeffed .by 75,000 inhabitants ; Sw.edifli. Pomerania;
10.3-,0.90,; the principality of Anhalt, .109,090; the territories of the
..princes of Naffau, 130,000,; of the. princes of SchwarzbUfg in Thuringia,
100,000 ; the pripceSy of Waldeck, on the north of lieffia,-.
.80,000; the counts of.Xippe in Wedphalia, 95,000 ; the counts of
* ■’Vhia city , \yith Lu be ck and.Bremen;,: ialone"retain' the .Hanfeatie league, founded 124 1, andi
joined b y a- great number o f c iffes,,forthe:,prpteftipn!of.itheir trade anditommerce.'! thCAfotyfygnbt
declined in the end qf'thq,'^fteenth century. Hamburg, is fuppofed: to, be the third 'cbminercial
c ity in E urope, and is certainly the firft,in,Germany. By.th e E lbe and its tributary' llreams >it.
maintains a great inland commerce. See Nugent, L R H k
’ƒ Bufching, x i. 146-168. . - - 9 JReufe
Kcufs in Vogtland,* which they- fhare with the eleStor o f Saxony, S m a l le r
66,600 ; and the city of Frankfort on the Mayn 3 6,900. f . - S t a t £S.
The other chief powers are ecclefiaftic : 1. The eleftor of Mentz, Ecclesms-
the fird in the empire, has lod his capital city, and Worms on the left t i c P owersI
bank of the Rhine,; but |ie<ftili holds a. la'rge territory on the Mayn,
with Erfurt a ,city o f i^oao^ii habitants, in the northern region o f
Thuringia, and the furrounding domain. 2. The elector of Triers, or
Treves, whofe extenfive dominions, being chiefly on the left of the '
Rhine,, axe feized- by the French. 3. The elea.or of. Cologne,, whofe
territories are chiefly in the like predicament, but who pofleffes .the
province called, the duchy of Wedphalia. 4. In Wedphalia are the
bifbopricks of Mundei^ of Ofnahruck,'-and Paderborn ; the rich bifhop-
rick of Liege is immerged. in the French conqucds! 5. In Lower
Saxony that of, Hijdelhqyp^ r,6. IdClthfj.,I|pg^r Rhine ;that of Fulda r
in-.F^cppia,, is. (Chiefly, on
th , , § ,Mayn.-s ^The epclefiadh^L^ejeapmtes„ryere; computed
each at morp.than roc^Oqo,,inhabitants ; „andtthe, bilhopricks from that
bf HiMeIh|im, thp _ fmajled, rio^oari.to- J^urtzburg,, uao..®Qp,^ ,It is
fuppofed that the ejnpgrQr, an,d the king of.Truffia, w)llfecularize thefe
.extenfi've fees, foundecfand enlarged by,thripoliqy of^Charlemagpe. arid
his fudefedh^s, partly for* the. pi ore fpeedy an<f,‘efle£tual coriverfion of
the pagans in the north of, Germany, arid.partly to balance the rifing
pow^r^f the aridocracy, which aftetwa/ds^roved fo .ruipqus, to the
empire*-^
* O r the terra adoocatorum, fo called from, an office in the empire, which, began in the tenth'ani
1 *o3ed in the fourteenth c en tu iy ,b e in g hereditary in the family o f Reufs. Bufching, x . 267. '
• t Thefe numbers are now increafed as appears from Ho eek, who adds that the imperial c i t y
.o f Bremen hasii&w 4o,oo6.inhabitants, arid-Lubeck. 30,000.. ' ; :