• .^oology.
Mineralogy
J ' U R KEY. I N TE U R O P L *
marble and other calcareous rodes, hence this ifland has always 'b e e s
. celebrated for i t s 'vegetable productions ; of which the following are the
-ch ie f and alL.of them|indicativeVpf a calcareous foil : Jla ch ys,Cretica,
- C retan w o u n dw o rt;àcânrJaüsui^âiSfolms, thiftle-leaved acanthus -, Çk_
rium . fpinofum , th o rn y fbccory-; -.origanum Grettcum, Cretan; tprfgany.;
f origanum, D iB am m s, Cretan dittany ;; qftragalus tragacantba, tragacanth
vetch, from which the.gurn o f th is name is procured .vJ a lv ia p o m ifira ^
apple fage ; m ftu s la d a n ifiru s, lad'anon ciftus ; -an elegant &rub, from
thé leaves and tender ftalks'of which the fragrant g um ladanon exudes ;
th is is -eolle&ed by w hipping:the plants with h
; the gum adheres; arid off which it-is feraped from time tq tim e - -
A few other plants remain to be mentioned, which are natives o f the
Archipelago and th e vicinity o f Cbnftan'tirtople. - Thefe are g o fy p ^m '
berbaceum, herbaceous cotton ; d iantbus frutiqofus^ fhrubby p m k ; / r o -
pbularia lucida; -catananche G raca ; âchilloe a Æ gyptiaca i q fturagus
apbyllus ; lichen p a rellu s, from which' the- beautiful crunfon pigment
called archil ls prepared ; origanum che^anthiis fa r fi^ a i
campanula laciniata ; verbafcum ftn u a tum ; bar ago- o n e n ta h sy a n d ^ -
pbytum orientale. .' ____ ghlv -ni'n ,
T h e zoology /.of European T u rk ey prefents.few-peculiarities. T h e
jackal, freq u e n t in Africa and Afia, is n o t u n k n ow n in thefe reg io n sj
.an d among thc beafts o f burden muff be claffed the camfel^ h T h e T u rk -
ifh horfes are •‘celebrated for fpirit and fo rm ;- and thofe o f Walachia
deferve particular praife. O f cattle and flieep th e re is little.deficiency,
b u t th e particular breeds or qualities have been little explained.; T h e
Iheep, diftinguifhed-by the name o f Walachian, have fpiral horns of
fingular elegance.; b u t the finenefs o f th e fleece .would be a more ufe-
ful diftin&ion.
T h e mineralogy o f thefe provinces is alfo a barren field, fo r th e
indolenOè and ignorance o f the T u rk s h a r e generally n e g te a e d this
branch o f opulence ; th o u g h from th e mines in the adjacent regions of
H u n g a ry and Tranfylvània, and from the ancient ’accounts,' there woyld
be room to e x p ert great mineral treafures. T h e gold mines o f Philippi,
about 80 miles to 'th e eaft of Salonika, in th e time of Philip of
I p ’ I v 1 | ' 1 ; • Macédon
CHAP,TVt. , NA'T,UHAL\ gEQjG R APriY; 1 ■ ' 465
Macedorii produced yearly about •'pot^j^leiats-,^ s te r lin g ; Mineraloa
n d fijyer mi tie's were fo u n d in Attica; and other g a r te r s .
, .T1>e mineral are little Icno^n or and the h a th ra l
cur,iofitiesT’n''th,e;K.qp#hern partS^ a n d ^ a f e i u ^ * ^ u |i t ,Hsem u 4 remain NatUKll
undeferibedi."' A?3gBg^wie„in t may b e ’named mount A th o s , Curiofitie*.
.which, a s a ^ e a d ym e n tiq n i^
tqfquely a,dornqd wjth fh jy ch a s And mbnaffewC^rTte grotto ofAhtmarris, - ,
o n e o f th e Cydades i q < ^ ^ p v e lt gf.fkrqs, h h& fi^ nN re ll1qeTcribpd by
-^Ournefoj^jAndaer^ntbf h y '- a n inggnkus'fem a le Wavme®,1' T h e 1,life
©f Antiparos' i s r o c k o fh n ft-jm a ^ lc ,. .|JpoiAtj,fif te e n m|fes in, ^eifeuxm--
ference. In th e fo u th e rn par.t-,of f h k ^ e u ta h a u t .a mile ,and, a h a lf from t
th e ' fe^;Jfrifes0^ , r q g ^ 4 if^Y^FiP5 inforipp013®*/ After
^ o c e e d jn g raboi!i(t-.t,wgp^y p^j£sl..app;g a r s i^ ^ ^ ^ ^n.d 1 o W , , yvhgnce■-
•the trayellerr,b e in g 'p rp y id ed ^h l^ 'jig )3^^'^l?fefnd^ b y a,r-opg,ra n d aftei&--
.wards by ,a Jadder ^ J a5 |d b y die fid e ,o f d S y ab^ ^ s,. T h e path now ,
Becomes more • eafy ,pan4 f 4}^^s ..teir^n.o^er deep urge?mcec^ h i ch: i s ,
defeended b y another- ladder. A fte r much fatigue, and tomO^an'gd;, ;
^be trayellpr at lpt^tfi
About 900, Jejst from th e ^ h rft npeping,* ^ q r i i p e f o |t (p f t im |t ^ th p
'h e ig h t of-the gpottorat a b o u t^ o fathom’s.. T h e fiajifl.it|c’ma® t J 1&}g,s ’ ;
from th e p o o f-fp thermoft ekga,nt find p it^uref^S^ forms : ^ind Jli^the-
floor ate )arge .maffes-pf ftalagmite, broWnilh and re fs n u re , produced
by the Itquifiediflpne dropping from^ah^re ; b u tlT p u rn e |o rt, a b o t p i f t , , t
nseiy natural!y-j-jfuppofes«. th a t th e y ^ g e t a t e .3 mftm’Sio^^he^
tween this grotto,* and- others ’ o f a fimilar kind in T h g lanT aiid mher
fiQ.untries, is ,tfie p urity p fw e , . material, beings marMle' oTM *frio.yry
whitenefs, and th e fineft calcareous ip a rv T ^ e .marble' o f -P a r^ f ia s »
gQen known andeedefirated firice the dafEcd,t^mes,| a s \ h e moft p u fe -
th a t th e feulptjor,can e iq p lo y ; b u t fqrqe^pr^fqr tu a tp f C|rrara^iS|©r a finer
an d clofer grain, and more obedient .to, the cj^ifeh^-e, G r e ^ n ,h a ,v ip g . |
a large cryftalline grain, .apt to flit oiF.mq^e ^argely than r e ^ u ^ ^
Pady- Ctsyen.-
... » >Tt,jV4,1.;» mnft.include .all:the iwlndinga, .fer rL^y-j.Craye^cjampgtea^ 4fl%nec afc:.
only 300 feet, p. .347,
> Voli i . '148..
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VOLIi.