E N G L A N D.
PapiTion*-
■ceens.
fucceeffed; ‘not by feeds, b u t by bulbs, which id a^fhort time vegetaie,
and are already furnifhed with a leaf and roots, before th ey fab to the
ground : all the viviparous graUeS except fine (Feftucte vivipara). if tranf-
•pl'anted to a lower and w armer fituation, ae.commpdat&themfekes to then
new climate, and .produce: feeds; T h e -S low in g individuate compofe
this remarkable, clafs, Phleum pratenfc •, A iri ’ aqUatica
alpina annua'; Cyndftfrus criftatus; Feftuca viVipara ; Trkicuro tfepens.
Be.fides thefe there are: others o f a more'hardy confUtution, which, appear
to be the true natives of fife mountains, and multiply their fpecies
by feed in the ufual way ; of thefe .the principal are; Phleum alpinum,
p oa flexuofa M i . Tlie rarer graffes may Be divided gjto thole
'wfifcli are found alinoft folely in cdrn-fields, and which probably have
-been imported' from the Continent with Md-'bSrn ; and into thdfe which
are moft certainly natives'; to the firft clafs belong all the five fpecies- of
Panicum ; Briza m in o r; Bromus arvenfis : to the fecond belong. I’lilc'nm
crinitum ; Alopccuriis bulbofus ; Agroftis fpica venti, Sefleiia C an ute a ,
Stipa p um a ta ,g f ' i -'' ,■ - ,
Nearly allied to the grades in general habit, are the eight genera,
Schoenus, Cyperus, Scirpus, Eriophorum, J uncus, Cat ex, Spaiganiu-m,
and Typha, comprehending about ninety fpecies. All tliefc are natives
•of moors, hogs,.and.pools ; they feive to give confident# to th e jjjp
mud or peat, in which they are rooted, and when young afford a coari'e
pafture to fheep. and cattle; feveral of them are ufed for matting, thatching;
and for chair bottoms. The {lately Typha (bull-rufh) is one c<
the principal ornaments of our fens, and negle.<fted,pp:ojsy and the feveial
fpecies of Eriophorum (cotton-grafs) enliven many a dreary mite of
hog, by their gracefully pendent tufts of cotton. The Showing are
the rarer fpecies belonging, to this ciafs, Cypherus lopgus (Bnglifh Ga-
1 an gale) found only near St. David’s Head, Pembrokefhire; Scirpus
Multicaulis; Eriophorum alpinum ; Juncus - filiformis, biglunns;
Carex cincrea diftans. : - f ;:”y :.;:vV4 , i . ■ . T.' « d fe
The Leguminous, or papilionaceous plants, fo called from -their
winged bloffoms, form a very important clafs in Britifh botany.
- They are divided into nineteen genera, and Sty-four- fpecies.- The
herbage o f all when. frefli, and-of many when dry, is a moft grateful
m a m a - f o o d
•food to horfes, cattle' and fheep, and feveral of them, as. the clovers and
vetches, are largely cultivated for this purpofe. Moft of this, clafs are
climbers, and adorn pur thickets and hedges with elegant feftoons. of
bloffoms and S ta g e ; a few haye been introduced Into our gardens and
Shrubberies,, as .the Fiimark folida and 1-ute-a ^Fumitory) • Spartium
fcOpa-rilinl (hfoe-M-)^ t4nd I^thyrUs;datffcS'tte^:-(ev£flafth>g pea) many
more,"however, d^dfi-of fopariot beauty, havei »©t yet found a place
•there* of thefe the,'^riaelp.ai are ,twofpiedsgs ©f fuirikdry, F. eapreolata
and 0avtenlata $ ^lathyrUs',',fylydftSis '(Uattow-leaved Cverlafting pea),
Vieia fylVtkica'and Gibceste {.loos'd.and tufted -vetch), plants eminently
diftihguiffied for their •texur-kut ' growth^* heir-’ Itrgant - finely divided
leaves, ;and theta? tufted bloffoms. 'Of humbler, ftature, but y-et of equal
beantyfate Ge&Mh tha^oria -and Angiica (dyefs weed aad petty furze)*
Ulex-nana (dvtdrf fUt-ze); Anthyllis vulnera-fia (kidney^yefeh)-;- and
Aftragays-glyeyphyHu^>(kflki liquate«), with- yellow fiowebs; Diidnis
arvenffs-('wreft harrow) y Or oh ns taberefas (heath pea); Hedyfarum
oadb¥yfelw(lalh*^Sii) ; Aftfttgalas «(ahSiiiitaih milk
veteh)‘ 'wdtlf pufplq lowers ; and1 the LathyrUsNiffdla, diftiftgoifhetl
fi‘omrthe>-.,#eft.b'y its etasre'graf^-libg leaves, and ks iblifctey et&ifba
bloffoms. j Almoft all theEngJidaf papilionaceous plants fibttrifh} beft ia
Itghfea^reeiis {b^eWier rocky, or fandy; and feme o f them,, as the
Anthyllte vulnjeraria,,and Hedyfarum ©sabryebiis, rpay he reckoned
.«erhqQ’-ift^eaBMHiejaf' chalk or lime-ftone. There are‘‘& w rare plant*
belohging.tm this S a f e ; Fumaria fohda andlutea.; Piftiinmarititoum
(fea^pea)-;' L^thyr.us apbaca, hirfutUs, and UtiSipe j.- Vicia hybrlda,
and-Trtfolium.glpmeratum, aryJthe principal.
The |flimbeiKforotts;|f plants Torra- a large, and important, clafe in the
natural . arrangement ..of Britifh vegetables, confifling of' thirty-five
genei-a, and about fixty fpeeiesr. , The roots and feeds: of thofe kinds
which grow on dry, light foils, are frequently aromatic ; .thofe that are
natives, -off. marfhes and moift meadows, are, for the moft- part, in a
greater or lefs; degree poifonous. The whole clafs, indeed,, is. a fuf-
-picious one, 'aird contains fpecies^ that are fatal, not only, to man, but to
■ moft 0f our domeftic quadrupeds'. The moft actively deleterious are
•the. following 3 Gonium maculatum.. (hemlock); . Oenanthe crncata
r (hemlock
I 5ota s y .
Umbeffi-
■&OUSV