preffed by his fucceflbr John, who was crowned àt-Stockhol'm in *497»
and thé rièxt year concluded an alli^ncé with TjföïiiS'XII of* Frariée,
and-James IV of Scotland. John had repeated wars with the Han-
featic league, which fupported the Swedes ’againft his authority. :
12. The tyrannical and unhappy reigtf -öf Ghriftiern II,t when.
Sweden Was emancipated by the efforts of Guftaf Wafe. .
13. The aboMon o f the Roman Cathölic'religion by Ghriftiern IK,
1337 ; but the Lutheran had been;already introduced in i 526;
14. The reign of Ghriftiern IV, who carries t>a‘ fmfticcefsful "wars
againft Auftria, and Sweden ; the latter being .continued by his fuc-
ceflor Frederic III, whq was conftrained . to figh. ahtreaty in March..
166&Ï* by Which he abandoned tp Sweden the valuablej province of
Scone, and othéf parts in foe^foùth-ofrSqandiàasiaî,- which had long
remained in the poffeffion o f the Danes, together with the fertile illand
o f Rugeni i -
15. The memorable revolution o f the 23d Q£t0ber..-u66b, by which
the crown was declared abfolute and hereditary. . The fubfequenf
events hâve been little memorable.
Of the Norwegian hiftory the chief epochs may be eonfidered in the
following order :
1. The original population b y the Bins and Laplanders. -A
2. The conqueft by the Goths.
3. Norway was divided into twenty, or more, petty monar,chiès$HkUI
the ninth century, being as may be conceived in a more, lavage,,-ftate;
than Denmark, and Sweden. From that lingular and interefting work,
the hiftoiy by Snbrro, which is chiefly » &ar o f 4$*'
pear that the Norwegian monarchs fprtiflg from ’ the .ancient royal
family of Sweden. The fovereignty originally -founded, in »the S; E.
* Jemptland and HernSal, regarded as" N orwegian diflri&s, had Been, yielded’ to, Sweden in
1645« Pontoppidan, and what is ftiH ffranger Mr. ' Coxe? have in! tfieif maps', extended Herndal
or Haridâl fBufching i. 6o j . ) '. acrefs Id the fea'i :-while i t is .’a ifmàlt^pSoranëè to the *
Jemptbnd,'on the E . o f the Scandinavian Alp s. O f this ftrange miftake it appears that Homann’ s
I. map is the fo ie fource and his snaps are indeed notorious for grófs'in accuracy's!t o t wa's’i t ’m:
. J 660, as the. map afferts, that-Herdal was yielded t o Sweden. Confnlt the impartial teftimonyr
o f the general map ö f Sweden b y Hermelin, or in his A tla s the particular map. o f the-pfoyince.
o f -Heijeadalen. T h e detection o f this great error was riecêîfàry, as Mr.. Coxe’ s Travels are’
defervedly'.in many hands.
part
part of) Norway,- arpun’d ‘th.e, modern' city of Chriftiana, was extended
by dègré^j;and Harald Harfagre’ abóut A. D. 910’became matter of all
Norway.. ’During.-fhe .g^nf eftf; matay d-ifcontentejd princes and nobles
Jeft the kingdom; and among, other GangaHrojf, or Rpllo the . walker,
fo called becaufe no hormyoulcl., fopport.' his .weight, proceeded to
Jfrarice •jjwhere;, in th^yeM^M^^efjproy^pcel-afteEwardsfftyjed Normandy
w^s furrenjlep^d to hijn yiad»'{,his-, warlike \ followers. The
romantic - fucce/fes„ ojjj^he N 6 r m a n s i n f, E’n gl an d, -Itajy^and Greece^are
delineated ;by the' ihaft^rlyfi&nd oE©|hpcm^^
4. The reign of pjaf I, tyhen -Nor.^ay ,ari!^«Ic,ela"|d werp converted
to Chriftianity. “.Greenland had been.)‘difepveredf A .'D. 9^2,1, by* Eric
the .red, and this", attendant?,' from^ Iceland which illand was itfelf
peopled, fromjNprWay,;§74^88è»-f In Ai^{reigjt;vd f ;G ^ f ‘,:,yin,land, or-
'Wineland,'a more' fotitherh part b f N. America, was;difcoyeKec^ by
Biarn,. and-, by Leif, Ibnbsgf-Eric »thp r§ds A./D.; .iTbe'Tittle
qolony, fettled in Vinlancfabout Ioo6,--pprifhejdfrom.inteftine divifions.
The country‘was'fo .called fro,m fomfe wi’14> grapfes^os berries § apd is
fuppoféd to havg -beenzon; the-; eöaft of Labrador, or more probably the
illand .©^'Newfoundland. Currants,,; or»,-fmall grapes, are indeed found
as fai; north as the; Englifh fèttlements,*ö£L,. Hu4foït,s bay; »and the
‘diftg^Gefrom t,heN'Norwegiknifettletnent insGreenlandtfo^è^fo^ndland,
might ,ëaftly havebéen tracéd'by & veftêl runnin'g before the wind,’ as
Was the cafe* Yet Greenland alone, *wóuld • aftign -t®,-fhe'i|Norwegi-an&
the firft difqbvgry of America.*
5. The remarkable reign-f o)f, Olaf II,; the« J&iïjtf, ^£>14— -'»Hiè»
fecund-» fan,-Harald’ III, afpited to.tthe,, thr,©ne (ri^Engfand*, and was
flam. in a battle agaitift Harold kirig’-o f England^ on. thé? 25th'IofbSep&
tember, iq66.! , This «memorable ’ bonflit^^whichy by weakening the
Englifh force, led. tafthè.Norman eonqueft», has -been haftily deferihed
by our hiftorians, who have confounded thiis king, furnamed Hardrad,
with Harald Harfagre, .who reigned' a centifi'y. and a half - before.
* I t is lingular enouglT tihat while the W el en)ii|iliqiiariès deafen^ us \wfth thed irriagraary dil*- 1
coyery o£'America b y Mado.c, A . D . 1 1$$* haye been contented with ^ ilmple »
"unpretending narration o f the fadts. Mr. Pennant |has h^ijically o^fety^d .that: hisicatintrynfeti^ ,
fuppofe that penguin derived its name from the Welch fettl'ers, while that bird has a, black head. .
The-
H i s t o r ic a l
E p o c h s .