C O N T E N T S OF IN T R O D U C T IO N . -
Ancient Conjlellations - - - - ,*
fce-yo Southern (iorfellations , - - i - - .
, ' Conciliations o f Heveliut - V" s f f \ .
y 7‘he "Proper Motion o f thejixed Start -, , - ' - . .
The Zodiacal Light . - -, - "
7 he T un is ' * Cl
Tof in i the L ongitude of Placet upon the Earth't Suffice -"
- . ■■■— Longitude by a Time-heeper - - ... - ; - -.
‘ — r------— Longitude by an Lclipfe o f the Moon, and o f fu p iter's fatellitef
. Longitude by the Moon’s Dijlance from the Sun, or a fixèdStài-
On the Use o f the Globes - $Sj '- J A-"- - - -
— ------- — — ’ ‘T errestrial Globe, with Problems__ * -
_ . . - ---------Celestial Globe, with Problems - ■ -— ~ - -
On the Droifion o f Time - - - * — -
N a%pre and Uts o f Maps - , - • - • . - • -
Ittc Marincr’ s Compafs - ~ - - - U~N.fc* '1-
Varialion olfermedat London at different Times - ' _ f -
' The Variation obferved at different t ita n of the fume Day, July 2781. o fa )
The mean Variation-far each Month in the fear* - - ■ ' -
W inds - - -
Obfervationt made on Derwent Lake
The Barometer ' - •. _, - *
Thermometer - ‘ - . •
Rain-gage ■ - Î - - •- / - “ j*S ' ' -
Hygrometer, aiww.r,:-/" W 1.,, a r . w-~. :
On the Afcent o f Vapours,the Origin o f Springs, and Formation o f Rain, Snow, and’Mail
T emperature o f different Ports o f the Earth - ' - - - • '
Dm^iottsifThe Sutfa0 iffthe,Eafth r '-~ ' - , - - .- -
The Component P arts -of the E arth ~ - - - ‘ -
Measures - - - - -
Tables of Longitudes and LaspTupes afcertainedby Qbfcrvàtion,Mfc. -
Page
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xxxvi
V , ib.‘
1 'ib,
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lxxxvii
INTR.OI
NT R O D U C T I N.
G E O G 11 i P H Y , I I el vtesto the figure
and dimenfions of. the earth, and the, relative fituations
o f places upon its fitrfaee, iâ^9U,rf<fed'râ^^ra5|WWples
o f A stronom y ; and fanlli.
ii ixpla.iatiou. of Juoli-[ ip * - j
■ a-» may be ntéjdÿiy fipNiudi 1 liai diugWhc foi,n,ti jj'to-;
geyhci màttei^j in.i) t^e^oniTJaetl a
p ro fe d n | ró& 8 ipn:io,thg. -work. - 1
11 Gn theFigure and Dimehfiotis> of /he Earth'd^,
2. T h e earth B/a. .fphe^al body, and it3yfigure ig
\<fiV neailj that of a p c i c o n f i d e r i n g the
^ f l e unevennefles qf ifejthrface anfing from flhills ^and
'buoys',; as>nthey Tieart nW ifiore propof^S^#- to -its magnitude,
than the fmalleft- grainfbf fand“ does 1x> “a scomt
mont globe. . T lie ,ti*uth<> ofttdiis is* manifefl ftom the
fallowing circurnftances : tft,<When jfgUjftand» updtf
3)hdU2}ofe,. the fpherical form 'afielsl fea is manifeft to
the eye, -)dadfyj^BShfto a (hip iearfes: the fhdre^'and goes
{jut;tO' fead'.yoni *firib lofe fight of tHiB*ffnr]i,t1 and7thefi Vlf
tlie imail7" g radti alIy from ihef^iottouv to the tOpy -vAnd
whtn' a (hip approached tfuy/lt^ro,“ you firfl fee'theitsp
6 f 'feio maft, and thien thtMdwefifpdrts gradually-pfeear,
Ep.'laftiyö'u'fce. the’Yrhofe fh}p. N ö w ilfa e appear-'
»aces would,nob takte p lW j if th e fca.wltief,a>plane>j- fdr
thin 'every;parttof >tha ‘fhip ‘woufo>dife|ige*T .toglther;
3fpqr- leading the (hch-e,i änd eppear- all, a t . Once 'when"f|.'
ipproaohesfthe'fhbue^jJbp-father,’ the hülliwoilld tdifap-
pear la ft;- disappear; fyft,> thaty'beibgvthe moft^Pnj;
feUcttonsepart dftttM (hip, whfehi^^ÄSMfa|y t b ^ S t t j r
ft<ä: fl^i^t1i^|h|tpeSrinQe^iaire ,ÄÄ%|what tftey
ought to.'be, iiponifiipppfitiop -ttet .the fea is fpherieal,
in which) cafe the convexity of the Water \yould;pfod:tiee
the phiiiomend which) are
ypyaghs :o f the navigators'Mag el lau, S ir. F rancis
D rake, > L ord A nson, C ook, and'many otha54.iS»,lld!
hüvy failed rdund the eartfv hav^igifei off
tion, and continuing their courfe, have come home in
the oppofite dinedtion.1;'.'.that, -isi they liave fet-;_off eaft
-and come; home welt, 0» fet off welt and’-jcbrne home
eaih: ti.is ccuid not have happened if the cajithchadnot
iB|eên’of';'a .gi'óBülar figure. 4thly, Another pfdof
ó f thè'fph'élucaldofm'pf tlie.earlh, anfes from the form
o f the bohudary o f its fhadow upon the moon in a lunar
edipfe,, that .boundary’being.1 always fpherical,1 and nothing
biit a :*fftftwèSP body canf in 'all fffuhtion8','pró'.
dücé a circular' fnado w. 5thly, I f you travel to Wards
the 'dórthj,lrfia(iyWew ffat.s'hivill Appear above the horizon
innthe northern parts, and thofe in the fouthern parts
hear' the-l'iijfiWn WilfMifëp^eat.rt' This can" only arife
frchrv theï^hericaFform ofi tffetearihJ ' In (hort, all the“
appeararicés hbth- uphn the earth apd-ih.tbe heavens, are
jidhwhatUhey ought toebd“upon fappofition that thé
-earth is gl&butaf^ bpt they With none of'thtm anlwer to
-thaJfof ,a‘,fdhnte,lfSifecèA V | -
■ 3f*^P?éïglqbukr figure o f the earth befngtthus efta-
bliffied, wé ' proceed!, next' to, -Ihow* that the apparent
' afi8a- from .
tile "rotation iontbe eafth abdut one, o f its diameters,
cAHed'its!b*/r.-< ThS^apparS'nt'sffiui’aal motion o f all the
hfeavehly bo'dies > ma y^èifo from the-' Potation o f the,
etlrth about* its axis ffiSr^itlmay’ be * accounted for b y
'h#j3po(ihg|thé earth-'to be'at reftv and- aU the-bodies*
dailyï-tö ^ffdtrnWtKêiw;reyolü.tio'M teb’0tit:ilt.‘ Now, if
we fhppofl» ÜÜe-* earth- to be at lelfy all the fixed ftar3
mufcjmak'e hj'&toiletSireyplliti&n “every d ty in' parallel
IrfmesSffitot afttOHomélê, haVeé^ïry fatiafifélórfly proved^
that- ^tnc-*"neard! 1; bl*'-“'tliCmi>ofd^ ftars’ IsCinat- ’ lef3 'than
' 400,000 times further from us than the fun is, and that
m p fun’ sidiftVnce fiom.{u ft ‘l o t l e f -fh^i 193 milhohs o f
d r i e s t ■ from?d3feydifcbyehiéS<w}?iéh ate every day
Tnhkingi’hy'the ; 'vèft* iihprèvenfenty o f tèlefcdpesj it appears
that the heavens’ are filled with an almoft infinite
number o f liars, whofe dillances are, probably, incomparably
greater than what We*have dated above, But
(hat an aknofluhfinite number ofdbodies,’ Trioff-'Of them
ipvSffble e iep'ti t>Vlthd'beft' télèfcdges,' at almoft infinite
difianh'es'frohi bs and1 from ehch o tly r r (lS)üld have their
^ ‘öflb^éï.fo'.eVaftfyad^fted as to1 desteive in-theWame*
and'all this Without their
hstving ahy centraUbody, whidl (as hiR^j^NEWToN
has proxfcdjiis S -phyfical Smpdffihiliiy, is an hypothefis
not to be a d j f e g d y . f e n wé'cdMder that AÜ the phm-
may heffolved fimply> by the rotation" of-(be
-- j > \ , : 1 Wét ' ■ - earth
nomena