■ CfclMATE
AND
S e a s o n s .
Face o f the
C ou n try .
: C tJ. A P T E. R IV. „ \
\ N a t u r ' a £. (j t. B'g r'a p,h y .
Climate and Seafons.— fa c e o f the, Country.r-^-Soil and Agxicidturte.^ J& v erj.—
Ldkes.— Mountains.— Rorejis.—Botany. — Zoology. \—Mineralogy. —-Minerat-'
Waters.— Natural Curiofities.
n r n % climate; of. Auftria prpperTisveom^pjp|yi graujjL an^-Ajubrjous,,
though, fon^etimes expofeAtp^Mol^t^^^lj: and,tb© fQut^er.n,pror-
vinces,in general enjoy delightful, tem,peraturerif ftlip (m$pntain°uA parts,
be , excepted, ^xpofed ,to the feygjk|ps^ pf j^ljaipp wint er. Th e
northern regions of Bohemia and .Moravia,, with
Poland, cap likpwjCe. boaft the xnatpr^ty;p|'^hptgf|j)pK;ap4 ^i!g^$fcanA
faypprablp. weather.. The, numerous .lakes..and^morafles of-Hungpr^
and the"prodigious plains refembling deferts. are.fuppofed to render tW
air damp and unwjrolefbqie, thp pol^ p^',the, pigh^ ritja.Uingrthqj.heat o f
the, day 5 bur.^the, kpeji blstfts from the Carpathian, mountains* feem iit
fame meafure to remedy thefe; evils', the trthjabitantAJjeing^r^tli.er remark,,
able for health and vigour.
x The appearance o f the various regipns. fubjed: to Auftria-is rather
mountainous than level, prefeoting a ilriking contrail in this refped to
thofe o f Ruffia and Pruffia. Commencing at Bregentz on the lake of
Conftance, we find chains of mountains, and the Rhaetfan alps, and
glaciers of Tyrol, branching out on the S. and N. of Carinthia and
Carniola. Another chain pervades Dalmatia, and on afeending towards
the N. Stiria difplays chains of considerable elevation. The iouthern
limit of Auftria proper is marked by other heights; and Bohemia and
Moravia are alrooft encircled by various mountains, which on the E.
join the vaft Carpathian "chain, which winds along the N. and E. of
Hungary and Trarifylvania, divided from each other by another elevated
’ ridge:
’ridge : the difmemhered. provinces Af Poland, though they partake in
"the S. o f the ■Carpathian heights, muft afford-the wide'f |fam s td be
found within the limits o f Auftrian power.
Th is arrtple extent 6 feP u n tfy is alfordiverfined b y ^ ib y -rib b l'e Vivers1,
qpatticpldil^ .th e - mbjbffiA D a h uM * ahd‘5t& f f tW & y ‘%ijgani the Tiefs,
w b fe ^ jl^ ws nbroAgh ^ e ' ,'cehtf"e o f H u n g ry ;vAn'S fc& e e fj^ s ^h e rb h
d if tr ia which is n o t duly irrigated, The 'g en e ra l face o f r ftiian|
dominions may therefore < h ig h ly yaiieMfeQ ,afi&
Yhterefting#; and thevegdtaM'e 'p i t t a ' s | | | .both1‘iS.H*N.4 hd ’Si* o f Eurbpe
“unite to pleifb tHb':efero1f tue* p aveheA ' '
dr-dpfe loSfisr upon jjFerwhol^^^ IFIhd'-profebft ve\' ‘ffi? IjHtb’.
W th e n fe g le a hf'ihd^flfy'J iWhich-;has! H d re a ry ;!
'and.OffthhTelifh p fo v rh tf e s ^ pafs1 Lftto1 w i $ b r n i i f f h B M ^
£kM;lva-nd ja ^ p u r to AThme th e ax e and ''p^’rj&.t^gjbt-
' difplay th e grfeatfeft exuberance*©f fertility;’^Trdvellpfb/^iltPlfi^aRhfrd
to i the im p o rtan t to p it Ofihatiotfkl ia ^ i^ y lth rb j^feHigen'ce
fotneWhat antiquated muft be adnpjfeUh,i AbjfejSt'’ .tHe^yfeir.‘'f 'f^b
Mr., Marfhall1 fbufed that Bohemia ‘had /offered coniidefahiy b y the ravages'of
war ; th e wheat was however .tolerable, b u t th e barley full- o f
Vfe’pds, and expofed by negligence- to the inroads of ihb cattle;, who are
fed in. w inter with the cabbage “tu rn ip , and red cabbage, both cultivated
in large quantities. T h e flax, fee tired particularly to flourilh ■ BuE0 fe
xnduftry o f th e citizens, farmers, and peafarits, was crulhed'by the overweening
pride o f the nobility, and the ftate o f th e peafaiitry was little
fupefior to th a t o f Poland. In the warm fpots o f Bohemia hops were
cultivated, which with the barley formed' excellent beer, a chief export
p f the- country. - In Moravia the- agriculture feetned -rather fuperior,
being improved by Flemiih farmers.. T h a t of. Auftria was laudable,
except th a t ericlofures were wanting. The-’greater part o f H u n gary
he regarded as a fertilfe pafturage for fheep ; and Eiemilh marru-
fabturers were employed, to- improve, the-wool. Oats-, w ere little cultivated
in Auftria proper; the other products as ufual in England, par---
ticularly abundance o f cahbagesi- and pota toe s; but the cultivation was
not neat, final! wafte fpots being deft b y the plough, which,harboured.
- 1 ‘ Travels, m. .304...
F a c b o f t h e
Country.
Soil and
Ag r icu ltu re:
weeds.