S a x o x y .
Mineralogy.
H an over .
Names.
defcribecLin 'thegeneral- account coFÎGèfmanytfpand ther'e-are feveral
■ ftnpH fqrjsf|s &|>gte|g§|fîplsfqr, ^ miaesfsn:d ;
botany rgndpboJ^gy ^re in .gpnçral -.commun wbKHba-rcft'bffGfermahy j
but the mineralogy 'is^smfqal particular,.Andife^cauntriqi can'bo^ftbf
foph foflil Qpu.lgnfi4 |. pfoducesfilver,
tin, bifmqth, mapganefe, ^cQ^alt* fyrlfram, &rf.f'The other mines^Are-
thofe MjFreyberg^ Apnaberg, Ehrenffiederfdorf,'*A1 tenberg, Eibenftock,
Lauthenthal, Sohnqehd^, producing filver,', copper, lead, and other
metaW", At 2^wiknan is - found the noted beEr&lmicaculofa ; and’ at
Schnekenftein, near Averbach ; in; the Voigtland, appears ffie topaz
rock, unique in, its- kind*. The -tin of Saxony is not''only a. rare
produd, hut is. expellen^pjet is alfo jpqnd8; and abundance »f fine
porcelain.play, with fnh^rs’ earth,'marble, flate,. ferpentine,-^ates, andr
jafper; but when BuTching? and, other, geographers^ :add diamonds? ja-
ci^Vnibies, fapphirès, and opals, they fpeak in mere ignordnçe, knd :
only mean as ufual limpid or,coloured, cryftals. The annual prodûfPtof
the filver miheshas, beencomputed, in the German fly le,- at fouriohs'tif '
gold,* and is thought it p be rivalledby that ©f khe-çobak-converted .into
fm^ltor a blue pigment. The tin, copper, lead* and iron,are«aM0ivery prod 1
dudtive. Not; muft coal and turf be forgptteo/amongi:hë mineraliipttf-.
duffien^of thisjremarkable region. ^^erSaxpay cannot' bôpft'of ihinéd
ral waters : and the chief natural çmâcMgfl^> •
fought, in the mines.
Next in confequence is the electorate of. Evnnfyick Lun^nburg^f or, !
as often ftyled from the capital, the eledqjfate of Hanover, containing
about 8224 fquare miles, with 8jo*çipo: iffeafeitants, and tbeicomputed
revenue 962,$ o oL fterling, while. tJhe: miliary .-force, is efthnated at
20,000.4: The various names of thiscouptryare-whollyderived froid
the cities. It is fituated in the circle of-LoWer Saxony, and pofleffed
by the defendants of a branch of that great nation called the Oil Fall .
V O r about 40,0001. In 1788 thé pro d u it!o f all the mines was valued af 700.630 dollars.
H o eck. , ' S I m • ;
t On the continent written and pronounced Lunébu/g ; t i e fécond » being àddeà in Enelifh
merely to give found to the e. T h e original duchy was annexed to the c ity o f Brunfwick and
caille o f Lnneburg, whence the conjunct title . Potter, vol. i. 220.
t T his army confumes moft o f the revenue. See H o eck , who Computes it
JS M g : |M | H!I jgg o r;
CHAP. II, ‘ .STATES NORTH OF THE MAYN.
or eaftern Falians ; while_ another branch to the weft gave name to Hanovei
-Weftphalia. The countries comprifed in the eleftorate Of Hanover are
chiefly the duchy of Lunenburg,-.Bremen, and;;% rd en , and Saxe Lauen-‘
burg'adjacent to Holftein on the northern fid eo f the E lb e ; with the
countries .-of Galehburg and Grubenhagen in the fouth, and thofe of
.I).iephnj;tz=knd .Hoyav im t^hefyhfti?: anditha|i,pf^Bahneberg? in, the eaft.
The f^thctn, territory*;|^ ffi3 .jtd>paila,hgen is 'detached from the reft by
th | principality of Wolfenbuttel, the bilhoprick of Hildkilieim, and
the country of Halberftadt; the firft being poffeiTed by the duke of
Brunfwick, the. fecond by its own bifhep, and the third by the king of
Pruffia, having been transferred to the electoral houfe of Brandenburg
by- the treaty of Weftphalia, 1648. Hence it may he compute^lliat Extent,
the compafb part of-she Hanoverian dominions extends in length, eaft
to . weft, about 180 miles and in breadth N. to S.. about 100 miles.;
while the detached duchy: of Grubenhagen, with; |Whern;Calehburg
or the eotnpry cdyGottinge'U, is abfme fhk miles i^d^^thjp#' ^ irin f s
greateft breadth. The electors of Hanover fpring.from the Ancient, Hiftorical
dukes of Brunfwick. Bruno 1,-maTgtave of' Saxony ,-A». D. 9333 ieri-j‘|v poc!ls
larged and umbeMhed the city of. Brunffahjif. * In io y i'th e eatB'entf'' ‘
Henry IV gate the dachy^f’ Bavaria WfWeJphy ifbp-qyk&o d f Efte; a
■ powerful'marquis .in'Italy,5-arid •dfCudiza^heh'efs ofdiifc firft Wdlphs =
eads; of :Akorf in Suabia. His grandfon, Henry duke of Bavaria,
acquired Brunfwick along with Saxony. In i y q f William, fon of
Henry the Lion, and of Matilda of England, acquired Luneburg: and
his- fon Otho, 1213, was the firft duke of Brunfwick and Luneburg.
His-fon Albert I, 1232, was- furnamed the g iP ih f Mignus II 1^368,
was furnamed Torquatus, fronma large chain which' fie wore. His fon
Bernard retained Luneburg ; while Brunfwick paffed to Henry the
fecond fon, and continued in his defendants till 1634'. 1 The dukes of
Luneburg acquired feme ffnalf portions of adjaeent territory. Henry
being- put to the ban of t-llW 'empire in 152 f, was fueceeded by his8 fon,
who only affumed the title'of duke of Zell, a ftyle which continued till
the R | | of George William, 1665. In 1& 1J Chriftian duke d f -Zell
obtained pdfle#©® u f Grubenhagen. In 1692 George -William dale
o f Zell eonfented thap the eledforaite, inftitufed in favour of his family, » - v
^0iL. I. I S lI S 4 1 I a ! ' Lhouid