3 2 4
M ountains .
Olonetz.
n rn S:5 Ï A >1 H E:tx R O P/E..
the uplands Of Valday to- be an extenfionLofkhe raau retains ;©£ Qlónetz.
palling between the lakes Oxuegaj and Ladoga, and afterwards) hetweèm
thofe of Uraea apd Seliger; where.is the’ chieftridge, and whidfrflkms'
to prefent the ruins o f what was once a granitic chain. Mr; Tooke 3
computes the higheft point of the Valday atjiónl^ ^o'Tit.hóms iböve
the levehofTeterfburg, about 'i2ao feet above the fea : t h e height is' itW
eonfiderable, and : gives 'ai öriking impreffion of fchéigentle' andnjflaïn
t ó e ! , through! which fuch estenfive rivers inuft’.puifue itfhelr G©'ür&r
Thé .woods joapthe, Valday are chieflyi pine,nfix, hfrbh, linden* alpen*'
and'alder; foil'in'the Safes’fertile, moftóy!'oky..and marl.
From the Valday towards the .S.'fearce aOmótmtón occurs ^but after
paffing4hd.fteppé.®£)the;Hieper, an arid plain with faltkfeesrH ^ i^ u P
dicate the extent of the Euxine at remote periods',* W'e- arrive at ihè‘
mpuntainsof Taurida, which are rather romantic'.than rémafMffile
height, mlcareotfe and alluvial.w To‘rt t e ik 4 f''*th^s, chain,
tfrë ftteeshtf the Euxine, are the beautiful vales, fo well defcribed by
Pallas, produaive o f the la t e i, .the oliye, tfle fig, ~arëd <the pomSegteAlfeii
While the: Arbutus adorns the fteêpeft cliffs with*fo red bark, and foliage
of perpetual green. Tire caper and the vine 'aUb) abound in’ ihis
naftind orchards andtribe flocks o f fhe epand ''goat's Tebcting-dh the1
hiHs, onbemnding from the frrcks,unke’with thé fitmpiè <and'!gfêèd lm-'
moured manners iff the Tatar inhabitants, fo render the-K& e: truly
paftoral.
Bui the Edoftlmportant chains'of t e u t e ih s in Eurè^èShEalirtt^fe-
main to be defcribed, thofe of. Olonetz in the furtheff N., and tHofe o f
Ural which feparate Europe from Afia. Thé chain o f öföhetz'rups?in
a dire&ion almoft due N., for the fpace of 15« or about 9&0 *0 ! 'mifes.
The moft ardic part is faid to èonfiftchiefly of granite, gherfe,5 pétro-
filex, and fchiftofe limeftone; and is mot of*great, height, j f f if -retains
perpetual fnów from the altitude of the climate. More'-tiP-tle'.'5. -
branches ftretch on the E. towards the gulph ofKaridalak ; 'the granite
& intermixed with large lheets of talc, and patches of trap are found*
particularly near the gold mines of Voytz, oh the Weftefn' fide ói5 thé
si vex Vyg. Various other ©res occur, in this region, and veins ó f copper
pyrltes.iapp:ear!m :the trdp;I ItToWaf ds'The lakes o f Onega and Lado-'
gXJ^e'calGaredils'fathei* preponderates, ‘as’already mentioned.
1 '-dfrtlie jssnfrey.betwvaen* ’the1 inouhtoins’ JftOMetz ’aind thofe of UraL
thes^*fepm®<fia 'beta- ^cottftflerablte^&iti^ki^n’dift^' from the E. of MeZen
to:the@hnLn:M0S;'>'#ibo'lffpfoEnontoryWhich ruChe's into the frozen Ocean;
butithis chain appe&itb^Ma-'v^feaped" tfoeTfearcheS of curiofity or avan
rice,' by tbe>pef^tiMlifriW«^with■whiCKutifeoh^etopfe'd ’ Theimmenfe
Uealian dbam eisYendS/frern a$oiio the'.fjistefto "hear the '67th. degree-of
N. la titu d e^ about miles- fc>1engfh, and "has by the Ruffians
been d?Ii&@e*nemi t/ ?^ 4 ' ;dfiKe'"gitiHe o f the worlds an extravagant appellation;
.Vheft we*'oeSrifideeB^Mt rife'.cfcateof the Andes extends near
. ^ ^ ‘iriiftS^ -’^Memrodetti'afe^h^st^li^e-'lte^mM’tii^t^fliis chain is-
tHe’-fadie- with the\Riph&ah‘knbuntara§- of antiquity; which,'on the
Contrary, als’ a^&rSfrOpi Tfdfeiny ahd'Others, Tan from E. to W. near
Sie-head W- -tteTa^a|£ Don, and mull of courfe have been only a
foreft running through the centre' 'of Ruffik’/ as- the ancients'often conO
founded: mouhfains arid-forefts under*the‘ fame appellation. Pduda, one
o f fHe higheftmduMairis o f theUraiiah cHairi, is reportecl by'Mr. Gme-
Jin‘i*tfFbei About 4 5 1 2 -feet above rtie fevel o f theJfea, afr inconfiderable
height," when'»edmparfed With M. Blanc-or Mk Rofa.' The central part o f
this chain'abbuhds in metals, from Orenbiirg -on the S. to the neighbourhood'
of Perm,- where oh the Aftatic fide ■ are Vehchoutury on thd
M ,’’Ekatarinetiburg eh- the S'.', places remarkable fbr | opulent mines.
The higheft ridges are chiefly granite,' gneifs, and micaceous fchiftus,
the exterior'hills o f the chain on the W. are as ufual calcareous
Serpentine, jafper, and trap, are alfo found, with argillaceous fchiftus, and
©fher varieties, tto- be expfe€ted in fo long W ‘chain. -The woods are
chiefly pine^Ar, birch, cedar, larch,, afpin, alder’; and oivthe S. W. fides
are a few, oaks, elms, and lindens.
'E u ro p e an Ruffia is fo abundant in forefts that it would be vain to attempt
to enumerate them. T h e re are prodigious forefts between Pe-
terfburg and Mofcow, and o th e rs . between Vladimir and^ Arzomas.
F urther to the S. there feems to have been a foreft o f ftill greater . extent,
probably as already mentioned the Riphsean foreft o f antiquity,
M o u n t a in s .
U raL
Forefts.