Mountains.
Conftruftión.
îoreSsj
Botany.
- The cohftfu&iori of the Norwegian mountains lias been little C x - '
plored, nor is it underftood whether the chief bei^hfS'bfehdëaféöüs
like thofé b f the Pyrenees, or granitic as is rather to be conceived.
Some considerable mountains confift o f fandftonè | but we are equally
ignorant whether this be theTfiliceous, the argillaceous, or thhcalcateous-
fandftóoe. Norway abounds in beautiful marbles o f various- kinds,
whence it appears that a Uonfiderable ptarfis calcareous; and'Fbhtöp«.
pidan has engraved a precipice full ó f large fhellsv T h e ! lapis ollaris,
which Pontoppidan calls keëgfteen, is found in; great quantities, and
with it were built the cathedral of Bron therm, and other edifices.10
This is generally found in the vicinity of granite ; which laft fëems to
be the pebble ftone of that" ignorant author. Afbeftos ln d anMatithuc
alfd indicate granite; and rock cryftals are found of great fize and
beauty, with; talc, garnets, and amethyfts. öhalk and flints M?e unknown.
’ Further illuftrations - will arife in fpeaking o f the mift&-
ralogy.*
There ate fome woods in the Danifh ifles,’ and forefts in Jutland.
The Norwegian mountains are generally clothed with pines and fir's ;,
and almoft the whole country may be regarded as a forefl, which fup-
pUds Europe with mafts, .and other large timber. The mountains- o f
Scotland were once equally covered, though; now denuded,' naturq
fowing-trees exceedingly thick, while man plants them ftp* thin that the
plantation perifhes for want of mutual protection. Nprway may in .
this refpedt recall a juft image, of Britain-as it appeared to'the Romans'.
The botany o f Denmark, proper doés not Materially differ from that
o f the other northern provinces', o f the German .empire,, which has
already been lligbtly fketched in the acfeunt of Pruffia, and will be
hereafter noticed more minutely when defcrilairig the other Rates o f
the Germanic body. The botany of Norway will be incorporated
with that of the reft of Scandinavia, under the article Sweden. All that
is neceffary therefore in this place is to mention thofc plants natives of
** Pontoppidan, i. 16 6 . ii. 276.
* Bergman, p . 63, obfervesthat many o f the mountains o f N orway are of'pu'd®ng-,'fe'ne,,fome -
times o f quartz pebbles, united b y grey micaoepuV.cement fthe fime tóBjjöréë;tjteü&'n? the
Orkneys). Some are o f horriblchde flate in w hich garnets appear. -IE .'74.
Denmark,
Denmark, which are either not at all or but fparingly found on the botanv.
other fide o f the Ejalti,c.
Denmark; together, with its'German dependencies* is for the moftpart
a flat country, and a large proportion o f its fur face is taken up with
marfhes and’lakes.*: here and there occur ridges of low rocks, but no
•mountains even. of. the third- magnitude are to be met with : the remainder
of the territqry is devoted to cultivation and pafturage, of
which the moft celebrated-grazing trasfts are included in-the-duchy pf
Hqiftêin,
- The fea Ihore affords the beaufiful.pulmonairia fed-lungWort';
and cochlearia Danicar, feiirvy-grafs.' Thotorÿuqpéri bills prdducc
ancnlone y\\\h\û\\?Lÿfiafqùe jio ’é e r ; dianthus. fringedpink ;
delphinium confolida, larkfpür ; gentiana. filiformis ; and aftrag.aftts
DaUicus. The woods, and’thickets yield? .o'eraus'.faaguhrea, 'neid' dog~
wktidi; pulmonaria officinalis, and àugofiifoliaj common and narrow4 ,
leaved lungwort ; impatiens noli-me-tangere j. and'I the rare - ferapias
rubra,red,helléhorine. The. marRi-dutches abound with ftraiiotes-aloides*
waterfoldier'; and the meadows, and -hedge-fides- furnifh ornitfiogalum
l.uteum and nutans, yellow and nodding Jlar'ofiBethlehem ; ’fSnuRÉàJuil ■
lanuginofus, woolly crowfoot*; and oenothera, biennis, eveningprimrofe.
The Danifh' dominions being$ef'fbch ‘‘great extent,- 'âtfdfvarretÿ-tof Zoology,
"dimate and Wpf£t, there is a great diverfity in-the animal ptothÜËtions,
'The horfes 'of 'Norway and ‘Iceland are as .remarkable - for Rîihinûfive
fize, as thofë of Holftein and ‘Oldenburg '* are fer-the contrary equality.
Among the more 'peculiar-animals’ may be nrft named the rein deer, Reindeer,
common in Finmark and througKhuMLapknd. TH'i&-aàîmaF*Æfèffible3
a-ftagfbUt is ftronget; and ,‘tne deep; dMfiSn%f‘nis< hdc>fe''fs adapted to
’,tread on the ,fnow,< being fuited' by Providénèè' to a dol^cRrUhte^a-lRBe
; camel-is té» the hw defèrt. The antlers offhe'rein dêfer àM'dbh'ger àri'cI’
more branched thanthofe oft-he ftag, ànd thèÿ-alfô decorate'the 'Brows
of thé female. Thefe animals* ate'ftifl nuhferous' in a wild ftatfe, though
the Laplanders ha,ve reclaimed1 great numbers, whicSf fuppl^ the plagie
*; ' Olden'BMgi has been recently..iiffigned to the- younger branch o f the hôufe o f H olftein'Got- ,
torp. Bruns, Geog . See. ' Riefceck, iii. 12 1 . fays that the detached-principality, contains 75,000
fouls ; the revenue 40,0001.
3 u 2 of