lato. Poristomo none, or composed of split and perforated teeth.
Annulus distinct.
8. G. anodon, Bruch & Schimp. Plants in dense slender
whitish hairy tufts ; lower leaves small, loosely imbricate, ovate-
lanceolate, blunt at the apex; upper and perichætial leaves
much larger, oblong-lanceolate, concave, plane on the borders,
passing into a more or less elongated serrate hairy point:
capsule ovate-globose, ventricose, thin-walled, enlarged at the
orifice when empty; lid large, plano-convex, umhonate;
annulus simple. — Bryol. Eur. t. 236 ; Muell. Syn. i. 780.
Ha b . Limestone rocks, base of the East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada
(lia iso n ); Morriston, California, and Ogden, Utah (Lapham); Caflon
City, Colorado (Brandegee); St. John, New Brunswick (James).
9. G. plag io p o d ia, Hedw. Plants short, loosely adhering
in compact grayish green tufts : lower leaves imbricate, oval-
oblong, obtuse, the upper larger, acuminate, prolonged into a
hair-point, concave, flat on the borders ; costa vanishing below
the apex : capsule oblong, wide-mouthed when emjjty ; teeth
lacerate and filiform, laciniate above, entire from the middle
downward, spreading open when dry, dark orange; annulus
double, persistent. — Spec. Muse. 76,1.15 ; Bryol. Eur. t. 236.
Var. p ilifera . Stems erect: the upjier and especially the
perichætial leaves with a longer hair-point; perigonial leaves
longer, the inner ones ovate-acute, the outer with a short hair-
point.— G. Brandegei, Aust., Bull. Torr. Club, vi. 45 (?).
Ha b . The variety on rocks in the Eocky Mountains, Colorado (E.
Hall, Brandegee); on a fossil bone, Missouri (Cope); Ontario, Canada
(Macoun).
Of G. Brandegeif Austin, we have seen only a sterile plant, agreeing
exactly with those of the variety described aliove, and the characters
taken from the fruit, as described, are exactly those of G. plagiopodia.
StTBGENtrs IV. GRIMMIA, proper.
Leaves hair-pointed. Calyptra lobate-mitriform. Capsule
regular, emergent or exserted on an arcuate-pedicel. Teeth
cribrose or lacunose.
* Flowers monoecious.
10. G. p u lv in a ta , Smith. Plants glaucous green or gray,
pulvinate : lower leaves lanceolate-acuminate, the upper oblong-
lanceolate, narrowed or rounded to a slightly rough hair-point :
capsule regularly oval, distinctly striate, costate when dry,
pendent from a yellowish curved pedicel ; lid convex at base,
rostrate ; teeth long, densely articulate below, slightly perforated
and irregularly 2-3-cleft at the apex, purple ; annulus
largo, revoluble. — Engl. Bot. t. 1728; Bryol. Eur. t. 239.
Var. o b tu sa , Muell. Capsule shorter, pedicellate, ovate-
globose; lid obtusely mamillate. — Bryjotodon oUtisus, Brid.
Bryol. Univ. i. 198.
Hab. On rocks, California (Bolander, Palmer); Arizona (Bigelow);
Nevada, Utah, AVestern Montana, and AVashington Territory ( Watson).
The variety at Fort Colville (Lyall), and Cache Creek, British America
(Macoun).
* * Flowers dioecious.
11. G. co n to rta , Bruch & Schimp. Plants of medium size
in loose soft green tufts, becoming black toward the base:
leaves incurved-spreading, crispate when dry, lanceolate toward
the base, linear-subulate, diaphanous at the apex or with a very
short hair-point, carinate-concave and recurved on the borders
at base, complicate-carinate above, only the young ones green,
the others blackish brown ; cells of the areolation comparatively
large, quadrate, sinuous toward the apex, longer and hexagonal-
rectangular toward the base, partly chlorophyllose and partly
diaphanous; perichætial leaves sheathing at base, open and
subulate above : capsule oval, smooth, soft, small compared to
the size of the plants, inclined on a slightly arcuate pedicel ;
lid convex-conical, obtuse, erose at the base ; teeth bifid to
below the middle or lacunose, reddish brown ; annulus large, of
a triple row of cells. — Bryol. Eur. t. 248; Lesq. Mem. Cal.
Acad. i. 13. Bicranum contortum, Wahl. FI. Carp. 346, t. 4.
Hae . Shale of the Big Trees, California (Bolander) ; sterile.
The characters of the plants and leaves agree with the above description
of Schimper, but the specimens are sterile, and the species is, tliere-
fore, still doubtful for this continent.
12. G. h am u lo sa , Lesq. Plants blackish, in irregular
loose tufts : leaves unequally imbricate, subfasciculate, homo-
mallous-falcate when dry, suhhomomallous, erect and hookshaped
when moist, narrowly lanoeolate-subiilate ; costa stout,
vanishing below the apex; areolation long-quadrate or equilateral
at base, irregularly quadrate above; perichætial leaves
longer and longer acuminate-suhulate : capsule oval, smooth,
thidc, brown, emergent and inclined on a somewhat long curved