§ 4. Ungüicülatæ. Platits longer, cespitose ; leaves linear-
lanceolate ; areolation close, minute, chlorophyllose above,
hyaline or yellowish at base ; costa naked, not prolonged
into a hair-point ; perichmtium sheathing : flowers dioecious
: teeth o f the peristome long, closely twisted, attached
to a very short membrane.
13. B. ungjuiculata, Hedw. In soft bright or dirty green
tufts : leaves narrowly ovate and oblong, linear-lanceolate,
generally blunt at the apex or mucronate by the excurrent
costa, plane, concave and revolnte on the borders from the
middle downward, carinate and flat on the borders in the upper
part, where the green areolation is closely papillose and indistinct
; perichætial leaves hyaline to near the apex : calyptra
narrow, long-beaked, reaching a little below the conical long-
rostrate straight or curved lid : capsule oblong-elliptical or subcylindrical,
regular or subincurved ; teeth purple, twisted two
or three times ; annulus none. — Frond. Muso. ii. 92, and Muse.
Frond, i. 59, t. 23 ; Bryol. Eur. t. 142, 143. B ryum unguicu-
latum, Dill. Tortula unguiculata, Roth ; Lindb. Trichost. 241.
Hab . On damp black soil, along fences, on rocks, stones, etc. ; very
common and variable.
A number of forms are described by authors, as Vars. cuspidata, apicu-
lata, microcarpa, obtusifolia, fastigiata, etc., whose characters are indicated
by their names. Most of these, if not all, are found in N. America;
tlie last only is alpine.
14. B. Jo o ria n a , Muell. Loosely cespitose, small, bright
green, easily moistened and soft ; stems simple or with a short
terminal innovation : leaves slightly crispate, erect, open when
moistened, linear-lanceolate from a half-clasping narrowly oblong
more pellucid base, obtuse, acute or short-muoronate, slightly
revolnte toward the base ; costa yellow, scabrous on the back,
excurrent ; cells of the ai'eolation rectangular and large toward
the base, minutely hexagonal, very chlorophyllose, distinct and
scarcely papillose toward the apex ; perichætial leaves erect,
long-sheathing, oblong, acuminate, not mucronate : capsule
erect, small, oblong, on a short reddish pedicel ; teeth yery
slender, hair-like, split to near the base, reddish. — Bull. Torr.
Club. V. 49, and Regensb. Flora, Iviii. 77.
Hab. Clayey ground, near Baton Eouge {Dr. Joor). Specimens doubtfully
referred to this species by Austin are ticketed as from Port Royal,
S. C. (Austin).
The author remarks that it is somewhat like B. unguiculata. Indeed,
from the eliaracters above given, tlie difference is unimportant. B. Bav-
enelii, Aust. (Coult. Bot. Gaz. ii. 89), described from sterile specimens,
appears referable to this species. The short stems, the leaves crispate
when dry, ovate and lanceolate-oblong and subcarinate, somewhat obtuse,
minutely apiculate, with borders narrowly recurved at base, the costa
minutely papillose on the back, etc., are characters that are indicated in
B. Jooriana.
15. B. fa lla x , Hedw. Plants loosely and widely cespitose,
dusky green, reddish brown when dry ; stems radiculose at the
base of the innovations : leaves squarrose or recurved-spreading,
twisted when dry, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate from a more
enlarged base, connate, revoluble on the borders ; cells of the
areolation minute, shortly papillose, yellowish, diaphanous,
equal to the base ; perichætial leaves half-sheathing, the inner
bright green, the outer brownish green or ferruginous : calyptra
descending lower than in B. unguiculata: capsule ovate-
oblong, gradually narrowed to the orifice, slightly incurved,
brown; lid purple, subulate, nearly as long as the capsule;
teeth very long and many times closely twisted ; annulus none.
— Muse. Frond, i. 62, t. 24; Bryol. Eur. t. 147. Tortula
imberbis, Smith ; Lindb. Trichost. 250.
Ha b . Eocky Mountains (Drummond); Fort Edward, New York, and
Monroe Co., Pennsylvania (James); College Hill, Easton (T. C. Porter);
Ontario, Canada (Mrs. Botj).
Of the numerous varieties, the more marked are Var. brevicaulis, Bruch
& Schimp., with simple and shorter stem, and shorter capsule, lid, and
peristome; and Var. brevifolia, Schultz, densely cespitose, with ovate-
lanceolate leaves.
16. B. su b fa llax , Muell. Much resembling the last, but
differing in its pale green color, the leaves not plicate at base,
the cells of the areolation minutely papillose, round-quadrate,
soft, more distinctly rectangular and pellucid at the base, the
perichaitial leaves longer and larger, spreading, revolute on the
borders like the stem-leaves, slightly sheathing at base, the
cells of the areolation longer and narrower, the capsule on a
short purple flexuous pedicel, and the annulus simple, persisten*.
— Bot. Zeit. XX. 338. B . fallax, Sulliv. Pacif. R. Rep.
iv. 186.
Hab. Cajon Pass, Sierra Nevada (Bigelow); near San Francisco
(Bolander); San Jose Valley (Bauer).
Except the presence of a simple scarcely distinct annulus, the specific
characters are unimportant.