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Hab. On moist rocks, Yosemite Valley (Bolander).
Witli tlie appearance of B. pseiido-triquetrum, with which it grows
mixed, but easily separated by the given eliaracters. It has the ramification
of B. Bigelovii, Sulliv., from which it differs in its longer capsule
and tlie form of the leaves. Tlie purplish branches are often abruptly
crimsoned at the apex, as if painted with carmine.
28. B. A tw a te riæ , Muell. Closely related to the last,
from which it essentially differs in its somewhat more robust
stems, the leaves more densely iiiibrioate, scarcely open when
moistened, oblong or ovate, obtuse, more distinctly narrowed
toward the base, cucullate, with the borders revolute from the
base to the middle, and with a thick yellow medial nerve, the
areolation more compact, the upper cells smaller, less distant,
pellucid, narrowly oblong and angular, the lower more distinct,
rectangular along the borders, hexagonal toward the middle :
the oblong pendent capsule, slightly contracted under the lid
when dry, has the same color and form. — Regensb. Floi-a, Iviii.
76 (1873). J]. Macounii, Aust. in Coult. Bot. Gaz. ii. 110.
Ha e . Rocks near waterfalls; Yosemite Valley, California (Mrs.
Atwater), sterile; Oregon (K Hall), fruiting plants; British Columbia
(Macoun).
It is very difficult to find marked and persistent characters separating
this from the last species. The Californian plants are long and still more
slender tlian those of B. miniatum. ' The fruiting specimens from
Oregon are strong, thick, and very short, while the sterile from British
America (described as B. Macounii) are as long as those of B. miniatum,
and also much tliicker. The leaves, differing enough in appearance when
single specimens are compared, taken altogether have the same characters.
In his description of B. Macounii, Austin states that the leaves
have the borders flat, while in B. miniatum they are revolute. This last
character is distinct in B. Atwateriæ, as described by Mueller, and most
of the leaves of B. Macounii also have the borders of the leaves as distinctly
reflexed or revolute towards the base as in B. miniatum. The
leaves in all these forms are more or less indistinctly margined. Austin
also remarks that B. miniatum is too near B. Muhlenbeckii, but the
Macoun specimens are far more closely allied to this last species in their
strong growtli than are the slender stems of B. miniatum.
29. B. a rg en teum , Linn. Plants more or less densely
tufted and irregularly cespitose, greenish or silver white ; stems
short, radiculose, with numerous julaceous innovations : stem-
and branch-leaves broadly ovate or obovate, deeply concave,
abruptly apiculate, the comal ohlong-lanceolate, aouminate ;
costa vanishing above the middle ; borders entire, plane ; areolation
loose: capsule pendent, oblong, constricted under the
orifice, reddish brown, blackish when old ; lid convex, slightly
apiculate, dark orange; inner peristome yellow or hyaline.—
Sp. P I . 1120 ; Bryol. Eur. t. 384.
Var. m a ju s , Schwaegr. More densely cespitose, dividing
into numerous longer glaucous-green innovations : leaves slightly
obtuse : capsule scarcely rising above the top of the branches.
Suppl. i. 2. 88. B. julaceum, Schrader.
Var. la n a tum , Bruch & Schimp. Branches shorter, thick:
top of the leaves white, appearing white-woolly by long flexuous
hair-like points without chlorophyll : capsule shorter. — B. lanatum,
Brid.
Ha b . Sandy ground, burnt places, rocks and wood; very common.
The first variety in wet shaded places; the last on dry sandy soil exposed
to the sun.
30. B. cæ sp itic ium , Linn. Plants more or less densely
cespitose ; tufts yellowish green, ferruginous, tomentose withm :
leaves erect and straight when dry, the lower distant, small,
lanceolate, the upper larger, loosely imbricate, ovate-lanceolate,
acuminate hy the excurrent costa, all concave ; borders entire
and reflexed : capsule oblong-pyriform, inclined or pendent,
narrowed under the orifice when dry ; lid large, mammiform,
reddish, polished ; teeth ferruginous, broadly lamellose mside ;
segments cleft, separated by two or three long-appendiculate
cilia. — Sp. P I . 1121 ; Bryol. Eur. t. 374 and 875.
Hab. Old fields on the ground, stones, old walls, etc. ; very common.
A very variable species, especially in the leaves and form of the capsule,
which is generally capped by a large lid. This wuth the inflorescence
and the perfect peristome separates it from B. pendulum.
31. B. c a p illa re , Linn. Tufts bright or dirty green,
brown-tomentose inside ; plants branching by few innovations :
leaves soft, twisted when dry, broadly ohlong or spatulate, more
or less abruptly narrowed into a filiform slightly denticulate
often flexuous point, brown-margined and reflexed on the borders
; costa vanishing below the apex or excurrent; capsule
long-pedicelled, horizontally inclined or pendent, oblong or
obconical, gradually narrowed to its collnm, which is shorter
than the sporangium, fuscous; lid large, mammiform, apiculate,
shining. — Sp. P L 1121; Schwaegr. Suppl. i. 2. 118, t . 74;
Bryol. Eur. t. 368, 369.
Ha b . Black soil, roots of trees, and shaded places; mountains and
borders of streams.