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70. PYRAMIDULA, Brid.
Calyptra large, enclosing the capsule, dehiscent by a lateral
cleft. Orifice of the capsule naked. Spores very large, smooth.
1. P. te tra g o n a , Brid. Stems short, simple : leaves ovate-
oblong, gradually acuminate or cuspidate hy the excnrrent
costa, concave and entire : male buds at the base of the fertile
plants : capsule globose, short-pedicellate, with inflated collum ;
lid convex, obtusely apiculate. — Muso. Recent. Suppl. iv. 20.
JPhgscomitrium tetragonum, Bruch & Schimp. Bryol. Eur.
t. 298 ; Sulliv. Mosses of TJ. States, 52.
Hab. Sandy soil, San Marcos, Texas {Wright}; sandy plain near the
depot at Vincennes, Indiana (Lesquereux); plains of Colorado (E. Hall).
71. APHANORHEGMA, Sulliv. (PI. 4.)
Plants gregarious or subcespitose, whitish green. Stems
short, sparingly dividing by innovations. Flowers monoecious
or occasionally synoecious. Calyptra narrowly conical, mitri-
forra, covering the upper part of the capsule hy its lobate base.
Capsule immersed, very shortly pedicellate, splitting in the middle
at maturity, without decoloration at the line of separation.
1. A. s e rra tum , Sulliv. Lower leaves open, flexuous, the
upper close, nearly erect, oblong and spatulate-lanceolate, short-
acuminate, serrate from the middle upward ; costa percurrent ;
basilar cells large, rectangular, the marginal often yellowish :
capsule globose, minutely papillose at the apex : spores tuber-
culatfi. — Mosses of U. States, 52, t. 4, and Icon. Muso. 95,
t. 57. Schistidium serratum. Hook. & Wils. in Drumm. Muso.
Am. n. 20 ; Sulliv. Mem. Amer. Acad. n. s. iii. 60, t. 2, C.
Fhyscomiti'ium serratum, Muell. Syn. ii. 545.
Hab. Damp clayey ground, river-banks, road-sidcs in the woods, and
in open cultivated ground in the Northern and Middle States; not rare.
7 2 . PHYSCOMITRIUM, Brid. (PI. 4.)
Plants simple or sparingly branching at base by innovations.
Calyptra scarcely descending to the middle of the capsnle.
Capsule regularly dehiscent with a distinct naked orifice.
1. P. im me rsum , Sulliv. Plants small, annual, gregarions
or widely subcespitose, green : leaves large, obovate or lingulate,
lanceolate, acuminate, more distinctly serrate from the
middle upward than those of Aphanorhe.gma; marginal cells
yellow: male flowers terminal on young plants, becoming
lateral hy the growth of the fertile innovations: calyptra erect,
long-beaked, mitrate, quadrilobate, scarcely reaching to the
middle of the lid : capsule short-pedicellate, immersed, sub-
globose ; lid large, hemispherical, convex, apiculate. — Mosses
of IJ. States. 51, t. 4, and Icon. Muse. 93, t. 56.
Ha b . River banks. Southern Ohio (Lea); Western Pennsylvania
(Lesquereux); South Carolina (Ravenel).
Differs from Aphanorhegma merely in the inflorescence, the dehiscence
of the lid, and the leaves more distinctly serrate by yellowish cells.
2. P. pygmsBum, James. Plants still smaller than in the
la st; stems prostrate at base, radiculose, bipartite: leaves soft,
whitish green, the lower distant, flexuous, the upper loosely
tufted, ovate-lanceolate, slightly serrate ; costa percurrent or
vanishing below the apex; marginal cells transversely oblong,
in 5 to 7 rows: capsule oblong, pyriform when empty; lid comparatively
long; annulus narrow, persistent; pedicel twisted
to the left. — Bot. King Exp. 404.
Ha b . On the ground above Pariey’s Park, in the Wahsateh Mountains,
Utali, at 0,500 feet aititude ( IFaison); a few imperfect specimens.
Tlie small size of tlie plants and their prostrate black radiculose stems
separate this species from all its congeners. It closely resembles P.
Hookeri, but differs iu its size, tlie narrow annulus, etc.
3. P. p y rifo rm e , Brid. Densely gregarious or widely and
loosely cespitose ; plants robust, yellowish green : leaves open
or flexuous, soft, the lower distant, ovate-lanceolate, the upper
tufting, spatulate or oblong-lanceolate, concave, serrate from
the middle upward ; costa vanishing below the apex : calyptra
large, mitriform, descending to the middle of the capsule : capsule
large, long-pedicellate, orbicular-pyriform, the cells surrounding
the orifice transversely rectangular in multiple series;
lid convex-conical, obtusely apiculate or rostellate. ■— Bryol.
Univ. i. 98 (under O-ymnostomum) ; Bryol. Eur. t. 299. Qym-
nostomum pyriforme, Hedw. Fund. Muse. ii. 87.
H a b . On wet open and shaded ground, wet meadows; very common.
The variety described below in Florida (Daniel B. Smith, Garber).
Plants very variable in size, appearance, color, etc., according to habitat.
Luxuriant iu wet places, with longer larger whitish green leaves
and longer operculate capsule, on reaching dry ground it gradually becomes
short and yellowish, with shorter-pedicellate nearly globose capsule