44. B. lævipila, Bruch Æ Schimp. Monoecious : plants
long and robust, iu dense tufts, dichotomous, tomentose-radiculose
at base : leaves glaucous green, brownish when old, open
or recurved at the apex, ohlong-obovate and spatulate, entire or
surrounded by a broad yellow margin of round-hexagonal cells,
rounded and emarginate at the apex; costa reddish-brown,
passing above into a white filiform mucro, either smooth or
dentate at the apex; upper areolation very dense: capsule
oblong-cylindrioal, slightly arched, solid, dark brown ; pedicel
short, purplish, twisted to the left when dry; lid slender,
conical; tubular membrane one-third the length of the peristome
; teeth closely and many times twisted. — Bryol. Eur. t.
164. Tortida lævipila, Schwaegr. Suppl. ii. 66, t. 120 ; Lindb.
Trichost. 245.
Ha e . Foot of Monte Diablo (Bolander), and Duncan’s Mills, California
(Watson); Nevada (Watson); Vancouver Island (Lyall).
45. B. latifo lia, Bruch & Schimp. Dioecious : plants irregularly
and loosely cespitose, dark green or blackish : lower
leaves distant, oblong-obovate, the inner tufted, lingulate, close,
spreading, twisted or complicate when dry; costa vanishing
below the emarginate apex or passing a little beyond it : capsule
short-pedicellate, oblong-cylindrioal, brown; basilar membrane
of the peristome one-third its length ; teeth long, many
times twisted ; annulus simple, narrow. — Bryol. Eur. t. 164.
Toi'tida latifolia, Hartm. ; Lindb. Trichost. 243.
Hab. On fence-posts close to the water of a creek near San Rafael,
California (Bolander); on trunks of Alnus viridis, Colorado (E. Hall).
46. B. ru ra lis , Hedw. Dioecious : plants widely tufted,
whitish green above, brown-ferruginous below : leaves close at
the apex, more distant along the stem, reourved-squarrose from
the middle, half-clasping or subsheathing at base, large, oblong,
rounded or emarginate at the apex, the costa passing above into
a long flexuous whitish spinulose awn ; inner perichætial leaves
ovate, costate, acute : capsule oblong, subincurved, on a long
pedicel reddish at base and yellowish above ; operculum long,
conical-acuminate ; peristome very long, tubulose nearly to the
middle ; teeth purple, closely twisted. — Fund. Muso. ii. 92 ;
Bryol. Eur. t. 166. Bryum rurale, Linn. Sp. PL 1116. Tortida
ruralis, Elirh. ; Lindb. Trichost. 246.
Hab. On dry rocks, old trunks, sterile ground, etc. Especially common
on the Pacific slope.
B. IX T E K M E D IA , Brid., differing from the last chiefly in the concave
scarcely carinate leaves, the borders reflexed only in the middle, and
the hair-point less spinulose, is recorded in Rau & Hervey’s catalogue on
uncertain authority. No specimen of this species has been observed in
North America so far as we know.
47. B. p ap illo sa , Muell. Dioeoious: plants in irregular
loosely spreading tufts, green when moist, dark brown when
dry ; leaves erect-spreading, the lower ovate, the upper obovate-
spatulate, fiddle-shaped (panduriform), very concave, slightly
acuminate or rounded or oboordate at the apex, papillose on the
back, with a short hair-point prolongation of the costa, which
bears on its papillose upper surface crowded slightly pedicellate
gemrnæ, each composed of 2 to 5 clustered roundish green
cells : fruit unknown. — Syn. i. 598. Tortida papillosa, Wils.
Bryol. Brit. 135, t. 44 ; Lindb. Trichost. 244.
Hab. Trunks of elm trees, Massachusetts (J. L. Bussell); Pennsylvania,
New Jersey and Delaware (James) ; common around Philadelphia.
48. B. Muelleri, Bruch & Schimp. Very similar to B.
ruralis, differing in its bisexual inflorescence, larger and more
compact tufts, the leaves more densely crowded on the stem,
open, not reflexed, broadly oblong-obtuse or rounded to a slightly
spinulose awn, carinate in the middle, with borders more or less
revolute in the lower part, the costa reddish and somewhat
hirsute. — Bryol. Eur. t. 168. Tortula princeps, DeNot.;
Lindb. Trichost. 247.
Hab. Common on decayed trunks in California (Bolander, Kellogg,
Watson); Oregon (Nevius, E. Hall); Nevada and Western Montana
( Watson).
T kibb IV. GRIMMIEÆ.
Plants repeatedly dichotomous by innovations. Leaves
opaque ; areolation hexagonal or linear-sinuous in the lower
part, minutely round-hexagonal, punotiform and chlorophyllose
in the upper. Calyptra mitriform, partly or entirely covering
the capsule, rarely cuculliform, smooth or furrowed, often
hairy. Capsule erect, generally regular, on a straight or arcuate
pedicel. Peristome generally perfect, simple, with the teeth
short, flat, entire or diversely lacerated or lacunose or divided
into filiform segments.
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