6. P. commune, Linn. Plants very large, loosely cespitose,
dark red: leaves open, recurved, very long-sheathing, membranaceous,
whitish at base; borders narrow, sharply and
densely serrate to the enlarged base; borders of the lamellæ
papillose ; perichætial leaves erect, very long-sheathing, awned:
calyptra very hairy, descending below the capsule: capsule
sharply angled, long-pedicellate, light brown, horizontal when
di-y and empty ; lid flattened-convex at base, conical-apiculate,
with red borders. — Spec. PI. 1109; Bryol. Eur. t. 425.
Var. perigonia le , Bruch & Schimp. Smaller, often bifid:
perichætial leaves all membranaceous, long-aristate : lid pale,
short-apiculate. — P. perigoniale, Michx. FL Bor.-Am. ii. 293.
Hab. Bogs and woods ; plains and mountains. June. Very variable.
T kibb XV. BUXBAUMIEÆ.
Small stemless plants, with large oblique ventricose capsules,
sessile or with short thick pedicels. Calyptra very small, conical,
smooth. Sporangium pedicellate, small, attached by
filaments to the walls of the capsule. Peristome double, the
outer rudimentary, or composed of one or more rows of more
or less perfect teeth, the inner membranaceous, and forming
a truncate cone of 16 or 82 twisted folds. Spores very small. °
9 8 . DIPHYSCIUM, Mohr. (PI. 3.)
Stems very short, simple, with numerous long radicles. Stem-
leaves lingulate, thick, composed of a double stratum of cells,
costate, chlorophyllose ; areolation very small, round-hexagonal ;
perichætial leaves larger, ovate-lanceolate, thin, snbmembrana-
ceous, deejily serrate or lacerate-ciliate at the apex; costa ex-
current into an awn. Flowers dioeoious ; the male open, on
j)lants similar to the fertile ones, the paraphyses longer than the
antheridia ; the female gemmiforrn, with paraphyses shorter than
the long-styled archegonia. Vaginule formed of the thickened
upper part of the stem, bearing the perichætium. Calyptra
acute-comcal, covering the lid. Capsule ventricose, ovate-
conical, yellowish green. Lid conical, acute. Outer peristome
formed on an annulus with sixteen notches representing teeth
more or less distinctly.
1. D. fo lio sum , Mohr. Widely cespitose, dark green:
stem-leaves crenulate on the borders by prominent cells, crispate
when dry : capsule immersed in the colorless perichætium ;
teeth of the outer peristome very short, triangular, granulose,
transversely articulate, often perforated in the middle, pale
yellow, purple at the apex. — Obs. Bot. 34 ; Bryol. Eur. t. 428
and 428'’- Puxhaiimia foliosa, Web. FL Gott. 128. Webera
sessilis, Lindb. Ofv. Vet. Akad. Forh. xxi. 576.
Ha b . Clayey and shady sandy banks, along roads.
99. BUXBAUMIA, Hall. (PL 3.)
Plants very small, gregarious, growing on soil or decaying
wood. Lower leaves broadly ovate or ovate-lanceolate, tho
upper ovate and linear-oblong, without costa, coarsely dentate-
ciliate on the borders by prominent cells ; areolation loose,
oblong-hexagonal, not chlorophyllose, pale near the base, reddish
or orange-colored toward the apex, irregular when young ;
basilar cells transformed into laciniæ or long brown filaments,
becoming roots and covering the stem and vaginule with a very
thick tomentum. Flowers dioecious ; male plants smaller than
the fertile, with a few thin leaves not laciniate when old ;
antheridia solitary or in pairs, with few paraphyses ; perigynium
of the fertile flowers ovate-oblong, of 9 to 12 leaves, becoming
lacerate after fecundation ; archegonia 1 to 3, with few short
paraphyses ; perichætial leaves very irregular, ramose-ciliate
after fecundation. Vaginule thick, fleshy, formed of the perichætial
part of the stem. Calyptra conical, cylindrical, obtuse,
covering the lid only, detached before the maturity of the
fruit, sometimes slightly split on one side. Capsule on a thick
red densely verrucose pedicel, oblique on a solid erect neck,
ovate or ovate-oblong, ventricose, flattened on one side. Lid
conical-cylindrie, obtuse. Peristome double, the outer either
imperfect and adherent to the annulus, or perfect, formed of a
double or triple series of teeth, the inner like that of Diphyscium.